{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:59:51Z","timestamp":1787500791901,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cancer cachexia affects more than half of all cancer patients, reducing survival rates. Evidence\u2010based approaches are urgently needed to optimize treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis were conducted to assess the effectiveness and safety of different pharmacotherapies for cancer cachexia. Three databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) were searched for the period from January 1, 2000, to March 20, 2024. The netmeta package in R software was used to calculate the pooled effect, employing a random effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seven placebo\u2010controlled randomized trials involving 1421 patients were analyzed. Pairwise analysis showed that body weight increases were 4.6\u2009kg (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83\u20138.37\u2009kg) for olanzapine, 3.82\u2009kg (95% CI 0.73\u20136.91\u2009kg) for espindolol (20\u2009mg), 2.36\u2009kg (95% CI 1.84\u20132.89\u2009kg) for anamorelin (100\u2009mg), and 1.31\u2009kg (95% CI 0.42\u20132.19\u2009kg) for anamorelin (50\u2009mg). In terms of safety profiles, olanzapine demonstrated the lowest odds ratio when compared to placebo, at 0.26 (95% CI 0.07\u20130.94), followed by anamorelin (50\u2009mg) at 0.86 (95% CI 0.30\u20132.48), and anamorelin (100\u2009mg) at 0.89 (95% CI 0.42\u20131.88). However, network meta\u2010analysis could not confirm the superiority of olanzapine over anamorelin in terms of efficacy and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both olanzapine and anamorelin are useful in improving body weight in patients with cancer cachexia. Personalization may be helpful for different patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T09:26:10Z","timestamp":1725355570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for cancer cachexia: A systematic review and network meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3074-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pulmonology Yokohama City University Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Kazahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryusuke","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Tanzawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Honda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuko","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-0340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Horita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemotherapy Yokohama City University Hospital  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies Tokai University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhiko","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Teikyo University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S261585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22168491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2023.2194489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjon.2023.100280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.00611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2022.58.3.3381585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328359efd7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0100-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2017.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(15)00558-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133756"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12525"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Japan.Cofnmsi. 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