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Epidemiological studies examining individual chemicals and breast cancer risk have produced inconclusive results including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) Bisphenol A, per\u2010 and polyfluorinated alkyl substances as well as aluminium. However, laboratory studies have shown that multiple EDCs, can work together to exhibit effects, even when combined at levels that alone are ineffective. The TEXB\u2010\u03b1\/\u03b2 assay measures total estrogenic load, and studies have provided evidence of a link between multiple\u2010chemical exposures and breast cancer. However, prospective studies using TEXB\u2010\u03b1\/\u03b2 are needed to establish a causative link. There is also a need to assess real\u2010life exposure to environmental\u2010chemical mixtures during pregnancy, and their potential involvement in programming adverse foetal health outcomes in later life.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Higher rates of breast cancer have occurred alongside increases in potentially\u2010modifiable risk factors such as obesity. Increasing body\u2010mass index is associated with increased risk of developing postmenopausal breast cancer, but with decreased risk of premenopausal breast cancer. In contrast, lower rates of breast cancer in Asian compared to Western populations have been linked to soya\/isoflavone consumption. Risk is decreased by breastfeeding, which is in addition to the decrease in risk observed for each birth and a young first\u2010birth. Risk is lower in those with higher levels of self\u2010reported physical activity. Current evidence suggests breast\u2010cancer survivors should also avoid weight gain, be physically active, and eat a healthy diet for overall health.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A broad scientific perspective on breast cancer risk requires focus on both environmental exposure to chemicals and health behaviour\u2010related risk. Research into chemical exposure needs to focus on chemical mixtures and prospective epidemiological studies in order to test the effects on breast cancer risk. Behaviour\u2010related research needs to focus on implementation as well as deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cancer prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T13:21:25Z","timestamp":1727184085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Breast cancer risk and prevention in 2024: An overview from the Breast Cancer <scp>UK<\/scp> \u2010 Breast Cancer Prevention Conference"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Britta","family":"Stordal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences Middlesex University London, The Burroughs Hendon  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Harvie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Manchester University Hospital Foundation NHS Trust  Manchester UK"},{"name":"Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Antoniou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Expression and Therapy Group, Faculty of Life Sciences &amp; Medicine, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Bellingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doris S. 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