{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T21:01:41Z","timestamp":1764277301523,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the high recurrence rate of non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), there are limitations in accurately predicting recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) based on clinicopathological factors alone. However, prediction of recurrence using biomolecular characteristics of bladder tumors has not been applied to clinical practice. The objective of this study was to establish a new gene expression scoring system for identifying patients at high risk of recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>NMIBC and normal bladder samples were subjected to microarray analysis to obtain gene expression profiles. We identified 6 genes that were specifically upregulated in bladder cancer and also in recurrent cases. All patients were randomly grouped into a discovery cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200959) and a validation cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930). Gene expression score (GES) was defined as the mean Z\u2010score of the 6 genes specific for recurrent bladder cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The intravesical recurrence rate of the high GES group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200938) was higher than the low GES group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200921). GES was significantly associated with recurrence\u2010free survival in the validation cohort as well. In prognostic analysis, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk classification was not related to recurrence after TURBT in either univariate or multivariate analysis. On the other hand, the GES we developed was an independent factor for recurrence in NMIBC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A novel gene expression scoring system was shown to predict recurrence in NMIBC patients after TURBT and might be helpful in clinical decision\u2010making for NMIBC patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T09:20:06Z","timestamp":1731576006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel Gene Expression Scoring System Predicts Recurrence in Non\u2010Muscle\u2010Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6647-1945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emina","family":"Kayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7263-7965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohide","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Iwase General Hospital  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akifumi","family":"Onagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Meguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Yaginuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kanako","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1545-1827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Hoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9045-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Koguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junya","family":"Hata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Akaihata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine  Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reiko","family":"Honma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nippon Gene Co. 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