{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T13:55:25Z","timestamp":1776261325886,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Malignant liver tumors seriously endanger human health. Among different therapeutic approaches, high\u2010frequency irreversible electroporation (H\u2010FIRE) is a recently emerging tumor ablation technique. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ultrasound\u2010guided percutaneous H\u2010FIRE using four electrode needles in porcine livers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve experimental pigs underwent percutaneous H\u2010FIRE ablation using a compound steep\u2010pulse therapeutic device. Liver tissues adjacent to the gallbladder, blood vessels, and bile ducts were selected as the ablation targets. Pigs were randomly divided into three groups: (1) immediately after ablation (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094), (2) 2\u2009days after ablation (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094), and (3) 7\u2009days after ablation (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094). Blood routine, liver and kidney function, and myocardial enzyme levels were measured before and after ablation. Ultrasound, contrast\u2010enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), contrast\u2010enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining were performed to evaluate the ablation performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasound\u2010guided percutaneous H\u2010FIRE ablations using four electrode needles were successfully performed in all 12 experimental pigs. The general conditions of the pigs, including postoperative activities and feeding behaviors, were normal, with no significant changes compared with the preoperative conditions. The imaging features of ultrasound, CEUS, and MRI demonstrated no significant changes in the gallbladder walls, bile ducts, or blood vessels close to the ablation areas. Laboratory tests showed that liver function indices and myocardial enzymes increased temporarily after H\u2010FIRE ablation, but decreased to normal levels at 7\u2009days after ablation. Histopathological examinations of porcine liver specimens showed that this technique could effectively ablate the target areas without damaging the surrounding or internal vascular systems and gallbladder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of ultrasound\u2010guided percutaneous H\u2010FIRE ablation in porcine livers in\u00a0vivo, and proposed a four\u2010needle method to optimize its clinical application.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T08:28:57Z","timestamp":1710577737000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ultrasound\u2010guided percutaneous high\u2010frequency irreversible electroporation in porcine livers using four electrode needles: A feasibility and safety study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chang\u2010Tian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo\u2010Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1544-6614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Bo","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery No. 924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force  Guilin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen\u2010Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REMD Medical Technology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5170-6474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery The 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