{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:34:44Z","timestamp":1776512084152,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of antihypertensive medications could be associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer. Despite their various mechanisms of action, whether this association differs between different classes of medications remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to compare the risk of kidney cancer between first\u2010line treatment options of antihypertensive medications in a hypertensive population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study, we used the MarketScan Databases (2007\u20132021). We included individuals older than 30\u2009years of age with a diagnosis of hypertension who received first\u2010line medications for hypertension, which included three classes: angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (dCCB). We applied a propensity score matching method and created three separate cohorts: (1) ARB versus ACEI, (2) dCCB versus ACEI, and (3) dCCB versus ACEI. For non\u2010dCCB, we repeated the analyses. The primary outcome was kidney cancer incidence. To assess kidney cancer risk, we applied multivariable conditional Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the first cohort, ARB use was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer compared to ACEI use (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02\u20131.18). In the second cohort, dCCB use was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer compared to ACEI use (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18\u20131.40). In the third cohort, dCCB use was associated with a higher risk of kidney cancer compared to ARB use (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08\u20131.28). Null association was shown when comparing non\u2010dCCB with ACEI or ARB use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of dCCB showed a higher risk of kidney cancer compared to ACEI or ARB use in patients with hypertension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T08:38:23Z","timestamp":1731746303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Calcium Channel Blocker Versus Renin\u2013Angiotensin System Inhibitor in Risk of Kidney Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension: A Propensity Score\u2010Matched Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5489-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minji","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shufeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9456-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengyi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-7636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satvir","family":"Basran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marvin E.","family":"Langston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Medicine Stanford University  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin I.","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Stanford University Medical Center  Stanford California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute \u201cSurveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program.\u201dCancer Stat Facts: Kidney and Renal Pelvis Cancer accessed May 29 2023 https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/statfacts\/html\/kidrp.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute \u201cAnnual Report to the Nation 2022: Overall Cancer Statistics.\u201dSurveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program accessed June 23 2023 https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/report_to_nation\/statistics.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society \u201cAmerican Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures\u00a02022 \u201dhttps:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/kidney\u2010cancer. 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