{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:34:44Z","timestamp":1790634884321,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008730","name":"Kreftforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["197837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["197837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is the main cause of CRC mortality, with limited treatment options. Although immunotherapy has benefited some cancer patients, mCRC typically lacks the molecular features that respond to this treatment. However, recent studies indicate that the immune microenvironment of mCRC may be modified to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to explore the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) by comparing cell populations in colorectal liver (CLM), lung (mLu), and peritoneal (PM) metastases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RNA isolated from 20 CLM, 15 mLu, and 35\u2009PM samples was subjected to mRNA sequencing and explored through TME deconvolution tools, consensus molecular subtyping (CMS), and differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis, with respect to the metastatic sites. Clinical data and\n                      <jats:italic>KRAS<\/jats:italic>\n                      \/\n                      <jats:italic>BRAF<\/jats:italic>\n                      hotspot mutation status were also obtained for all the cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cell type fractions in the TME were relatively similar between the metastatic sites, except for cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts (CAFs), B cells, endothelial cells, and CD4+ T cells. Notably, PM showed enrichment for CAFs and endothelial cells, consistent with distinct pathways associated with metastatic growth and progression in the peritoneal cavity. PM with the mesenchymal subtype, CMS4, had increased CAFs, endothelial cells, and macrophages, along with up\u2010regulated genes related to TNF\u2010\u03b1 signaling via NF\u2010\u03baB, EMT, and angiogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tumor samples from different metastatic sites exhibited a broadly similar TME in terms of immune cell composition, with some intriguing differences. Targeting CAF\u2010associated pathways, macrophages, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 signaling through NR4A could represent potential novel therapeutic approaches in CMS4 PM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T05:54:22Z","timestamp":1735538062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enrichment of Cancer\u2010Associated Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Up\u2010Regulated\n                    <scp>TNF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03b1 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of\n                    <scp>CMS4<\/scp>\n                    Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Eirik","family":"H\u00f8ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital Oslo University Hospital  Oslo 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