{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T18:14:05Z","timestamp":1788286445336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Wilms tumor (WT) is the most common pediatric malignancy of the kidney. Past studies describing WT incidence and survival used surveillance data with &lt;\u200930% of the US population. We evaluated differences in WT incidence and survival comparing demographic groups and tumor characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed new cases of WT among patients aged &lt;\u200920\u2009years at diagnosis by using incidence data from US Cancer Statistics (USCS) for 2003\u20132020 and 5\u2010year relative survival (RS) data from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) for 2001\u20132019. To assess incidence trends, average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated by using joinpoint regression. Relative survival (RS) and all\u2010cause survival were calculated overall and by demographic and clinical variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During 2003\u20132020, 8218 cases of WT were reported in USCS, which represented an age\u2010adjusted incidence rate of 5.7 cases per million. Rates were the highest among females (6.3), children aged 0\u20134\u2009years (17.2), and non\u2010Hispanic Black patients (7.1). Overall, trends remained stable (AAPC\u2009=\u2009\u22120.4, 95% CI: \u22121.4 to 0.4). Among 7567 cases of WT in NPCR, 5\u2010year RS was 92.6%. Patients with the lowest survival include the following: those aged 10\u201319\u2009years (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20091.65, 95% CI: 1.02\u20132.65); non\u2010Hispanic Black patients (HR\u2009=\u20091.39, 95% CI: 1.11\u20131.76); those with regional stage (HR\u2009=\u20091.93, 95% CI: 1.47\u20132.54) or distant stage (HR\u2009=\u20095.12, 95% CI: 3.99\u20136.57); and patients from nonmetropolitan counties (HR\u2009=\u20091.46, 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.96). Individuals diagnosed during 2011\u20132019 (HR\u2009=\u20090.64, 95% CI: 0.53\u20130.77) had higher survival than those diagnosed during 2001\u20132010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The highest WT incidence rates were patients who were female, 0\u20134\u2009years, and non\u2010Hispanic Black. Survival improved during the study period; survival differed by race, ethnicity, metropolitan status, and age. Further studies to delineate the causes of these disparities may improve outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T05:57:33Z","timestamp":1739253453000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Incidence and Survival of Children and Adolescents With Wilms Tumor, United States, 2001\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8716-3125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres F.","family":"Espinoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekene","family":"Onwuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology\u2010Oncology Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyberdata Technologies Inc.  Herndon Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev A.","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Texas Children's Surgical Oncology Program and Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Scheurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology\u2010Oncology Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0978-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hematology\u2010Oncology Section, Texas Children's Hospital, Dan L. 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