{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:30:10Z","timestamp":1776274210719,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood lipids are implicated in the development of breast cancer (BC), though the genetic connection remains unclear, particularly in African populations. Observational studies on this topic are limited by confounding factors and reverse causation, potentially affecting the reliability of findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We applied univariate and multivariable two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization to assess the causal association between blood lipids (total cholesterol [TC], high\u2010density lipoprotein [HDL], low\u2010density lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides [TG]) and BC. Summary\u2010level data for lipid traits were sourced from the Africa Wits\u2010INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Research (AWI\u2010Gen) (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910,603 women). BC data were obtained from the largest genome\u2010wide association study of BC in African women, comprising 18,034\n                      <jats:sc>BC<\/jats:sc>\n                      cases and 22,104 controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our analysis revealed that genetically predicted TG was associated with a decreased BC risk (OR\u2009=\u20090.73, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.56\u20130.95,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018. In contrast, no significant associations were found between TC, HDL, or LDL levels and BC risk: TC (OR\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.93\u20131.18,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.467), HDL (OR\u2009=\u20091.29, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.93\u20131.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.121), and LDL (OR\u2009=\u20091.04, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.90\u20131.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.577). After adjusting for the effects of other lipid traits, the association between TG and BC was attenuated, and no associations were observed for TC, HDL, or LDL. No causal relationship was found between lipid traits and BC subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides evidence that elevated triglycerides may be associated with a reduced risk of BC, whereas no significant associations were observed for TC, HDL, or LDL. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical implications of these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T01:56:04Z","timestamp":1746237364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations Between Lipid Traits and Breast Cancer Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study in African Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4958-0934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Owusu","family":"Ansah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"Gene Therapy Programme Thrivus Institute for Biomedical Science and Technology  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Foster","family":"Kyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caleb Frimpong","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"Dormaa Presbyterian Hospital  Dormaa Ahenkro Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrews","family":"Danquah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwadwo","family":"Fosu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"},{"name":"West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana  Legon Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel Boateng","family":"Agyenim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research  Accra Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel Sakyi","family":"Agyirifo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Cape Coast  Cape Coast Ghana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010030\u201020301\u20106_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597\u2010023\u201002253\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.010419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cAssessment of Breast Cancer Control Capacities in the WHO African Region\u201d(WHO Regional Office for Africa 2022) https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/publications\/assessment\u2010breast\u2010cancer\u2010control\u2010capacities\u2010who\u2010african\u2010region\u20102022\u20100."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"H. 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