{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,11]],"date-time":"2026-04-11T00:56:31Z","timestamp":1775868991107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>An upward trend in the incidence of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) has been reported over the past few decades, but because of its rarity, little is currently known about its epidemiological trends. This study examined temporal trends in the incidence and mortality of TETs in the US and explored these trends in population subgroups while investigating important factors that influence their prognosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective, population\u2010based study was conducted using nationally representative data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, and 4979 patients diagnosed with TETs from 2000 to 2020 were evaluated. Associated population data were used to determine age\u2010adjusted incidence and mortality, and 5\u2010year TET\u2010specific mortality (SM). Trends were assessed for the entire cohort, as well as for particular subgroups, including thymoma and thymic carcinoma.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2000 to 2020, the overall incidence and mortality of TETs were 2.769 and 1.203 per million person\u2010years, respectively. Both the age\u2010adjusted incidence and mortality of TETs increased over the study period, with increases occurring across almost all ethnic groups, histological subtypes, and stages. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, World Health Organization histological type (B1, B2, and B3 thymoma and thymic carcinoma), Masaoka\u2013Koga stage (IIB and III\/IV), maximum tumor diameter (5\u201310 and\u2009&gt;\u200910\u2009cm), surgery, and chemotherapy were independently associated with TET\u2010SM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The incidence and mortality of TETs have steadily increased over time, and these trends might be related to the widespread use of computed tomography for lung cancer screening and the increasing number of TETs found incidentally. The study also identified several important factors independently associated with TET\u2010SM, suggesting that early diagnosis and surgical intervention are critical to achieving good prognoses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.70968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T09:21:38Z","timestamp":1747300898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Rising Threat: Long\u2010Term Trends in the Incidence and Mortality of Thymic Epithelial Tumor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zishan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinmang","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maolin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fancai","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9119-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"3001","article-title":"Focal Adhesion Kinase Is Overexpressed in Thymic Epithelial Tumor and May Serve as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker","volume":"15","author":"Li M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JTO.0b013e3181f1f62d"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2016.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00555-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Thymic Tumors","volume":"67","author":"Girard N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Revue de Pratique"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13215254"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1827.1994.tb02936.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2020.05.048"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"An Overview of Surgical Treatment of Thymic Epithelial Tumor in Korea: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis","volume":"55","author":"Lee J. 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