{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:39:24Z","timestamp":1791459564762,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Systemic treatment options for vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) are limited. ROS1, a tyrosine kinase implicated, for example, in non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has recently shown responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This study investigated immunohistochemical ROS1 expression in VSCC to explore its potential as a future therapeutic target in this rare malignancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, 48 patients with VSCC undergoing vulvectomy were included. Clinicopathological data were collected in a standardized manner. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess ROS1 expression on an ordinal scale from 0 (absent staining) to 3 (&gt;\u200950% of neoplastic cells demonstrated cytoplasmatic staining); levels 0 and 1 were considered negative, while 2 and 3 were rated as positive. After differences and correlations with clinicopathological parameters were evaluated between positive and negative tumors, we fitted logistic regression and survival models to assess the association of ROS1 with inguinal lymph node involvement and overall survival. Statistical analysis was conducted using GraphPad and Jamovi.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ROS1 IHC levels were associated with lymph node involvement [odds ratio (OR) 2.396, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.034\u20135.555, logistic regression, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.042]. ROS1 positive tumors demonstrated no difference in overall survival compared with negative ones [hazards ratio (HR) 0.837, 95% CI 0.283\u20132.479, log\u2010rank (Mantel\u2010Cox) test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.738].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>ROS1 expression was associated with inguinal lymph node involvement but not overall survival among VSCC patients. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of ROS1 in VSCC therapeutics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T08:40:13Z","timestamp":1755938413000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>ROS1<\/scp> Expression Correlates With Inguinal Lymph Node Affection in Vulvar Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Meletios P.","family":"Nigdelis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1055-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Bitterlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Special Pathology Saarland University (USAAR) and Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariam","family":"Parvanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Special Pathology Saarland University (USAAR) and Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashar","family":"Haj Hamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich Franz","family":"Solomayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Special Pathology Saarland University (USAAR) and Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Schn\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland University Medical Center for Tumor Diseases (UTS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Hasenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Holleczek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saarland Cancer Registry  Saarbr\u00fccken Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert Georg","family":"Klamminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Special Pathology Saarland University (USAAR) and Saarland University Medical Center (UKS)  Homburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz  Mainz Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","volume-title":"Female Genital Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours","author":"WHO Classification of Tumors Editorial Board","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2024.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","unstructured":"S. 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H.Ou \u201cROS1 (ROS Proto\u2010Oncogene 1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase) [Internet] \u201d2014 https:\/\/atlasgeneticsoncology.org\/gene\/42144\/ros1\u2010(ros\u2010proto\u2010oncogene\u20101\u2010receptor\u2010tyrosine\u2010kinase)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"National Library of Medicine \u201cROS1 ROS Proto\u2010Oncogene 1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase [Homo sapiens(human)]\u2014Gene\u2014NCBI [Internet] \u201d2025 https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=6098."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0408-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241411495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.21682"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnr2.1350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/TUB-230034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2023.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2023.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13880"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3182960fa7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Jamovi \u201cThe Jamovi Project (Computer Software) \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.jamovi.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417-023-00682-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02041-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885\u2010015\u20101737\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-12-2851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2013.54.3.650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz131"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.75.5587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2019.03.020"}],"container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.71160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:04:18Z","timestamp":1756206258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.71160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cam4.71160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.71160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7634","2045-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7634","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71160"}}