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Initial tissue samples were processed for H3K4me1\u2010positive control ChIP to optimise homogenisation, fixation and ChIP conditions. Following successful method optimization, IGF\u20101R and H3K4me1 ChIP\u2010seq was performed on six treatment\u2010na\u00efve localized PCa samples, along with parallel IGF\u20101R immunohistochemistry analysis. MACS2 and LanceOtron peak callers were used to identify binding sites from ChIP\u2010seq data and MEME Suite was used to identify an IGF\u20101R binding motif. In\u00a0vitro chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR (ChIP\u2010qPCR) was used for ChIP\u2010seq data validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 5743 unique IGF\u20101R binding sites, with 37% within 3\u2009kb of gene transcription start sites (TSSs). Of these sites, 72.3% coincided with enhancer mark H3K4me1, suggesting regulatory function. Motif analysis identified an IGF\u20101R consensus binding motif for the first time, with a sequence resembling that of the insulin receptor and PITX2 transcription factor binding motifs, supporting functional similarities. In\u00a0vitro ChIP\u2010qPCR confirmed IGF\u20101R recruitment to a site identified in\u00a0vivo in the\n                      <jats:italic>RRM2<\/jats:italic>\n                      TSS, a gene involved in DNA replication and repair and regulated by the IGF\u2010axis, highlighting potential regulatory function of nuclear IGF\u20101R.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, these data represent the first characterization of genome\u2010wide IGF\u20101R recruitment in PCa tissue and are consistent with a transcriptional regulatory role, further elucidating the contribution of nuclear IGF\u20101R to advanced clinical stage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:26:41Z","timestamp":1759292801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detection of Genome\u2010Wide\n                    <scp>IGF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>1R<\/scp>\n                    Recruitment to Enhancer and Promoter Regions of Chromatin in Clinical Prostate Cancers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1852-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack V.","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avigail","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinseon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Engledow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Colling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Pathology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Verrill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Cellular Pathology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre  Oxford United\u00a0Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentine M.","family":"Macaulay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04528.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00000744"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-13-0515"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50220-1"},{"issue":"23","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"2234","article-title":"Resistance to Androgen\u2010Pathway Drugs in Prostate Cancer","volume":"371","author":"Antonarakis E. 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