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We investigated associations between an existing anxiety or depression diagnosis and ICI outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this secondary analysis, multicenter retrospective real\u2010world data were abstracted from medical charts. Patients included received \u2265\u20091 dose of anti\u2010PD\u20101 or anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 monotherapy. Key variables abstracted were anxiety\/depression diagnosis at treatment initiation, ICI therapy outcomes (immune\u2010related adverse events, irAEs; overall survival, OS; time to treatment failure, TTF), and other sociodemographic and clinical factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 913 patients, 11% and 12% had an existing anxiety or depression diagnosis, respectively. Rates of any grade irAEs were 32% overall, and 44% and 37% among those with anxiety or depression history, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, patients with an anxiety diagnosis had a greater likelihood of experiencing irAEs (OR\u2009=\u20091.80; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.16\u20132.79,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) and better OS (HR\u2009=\u20090.74; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.54\u20131.00,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048) compared to those without an anxiety diagnosis. Depression diagnosis was not significantly associated with irAEs, OS, or TTF. In multivariable sensitivity analyses restricted to patients with non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009417), those with an anxiety diagnosis had a trend toward better OS (HR\u2009=\u20090.66; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.43\u20131.01;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.056) and longer TTF (HR\u2009=\u20090.71; 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.50\u20131.02;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.063) than those without an anxiety diagnosis, while irAEs did not vary significantly by anxiety.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010existing anxiety diagnosis may impact clinical outcomes for patients receiving anti\u2010PD\u20101 or anti\u2010PD\u2010L1 treatments. Links between psychosocial factors and ICI outcomes should be further examined in translational and prospective studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T14:13:43Z","timestamp":1762092823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Associations Between Anxiety or Depression Diagnosis and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0753-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Derry\u2010Vick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Prevention Precision Control Institute, Center for Discovery and Innovation Hackensack Meridian Health  Nutley New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine  Nutley New Jersey 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