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Recent advancements have highlighted the importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in therapeutic responses and prognosis. However, the lack of a mouse\u2010derived ICC cell line and current mouse models limit explorations of the TME in ICC. Therefore, establishing suitable preclinical models is critical.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, an ICC mouse model was established using hydrodynamic transfection. Primary ICC cells were isolated, purified, and cultured in the liver tissues of these mice. Cellular behaviors, molecular characterization, and genetic profiles were evaluated in\u00a0vitro. The tumorigenic and metastatic potential of the cells was determined in\u00a0vivo. Drug sensitivity was tested using organoids and micro\u2010dissected tumor tissues 3D models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An ICC mouse model was successfully established based on pathological identification. Characterization confirmed that the MCA23 cell line was of ICC origin and maintained the morphological and molecular features of the primary tumor. The cells exhibited robust proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities, enabling the rapid formation of syngeneic tumors and metastases that were highly similar to the primary tumor. Genetic analysis revealed that the cell line was a new mouse\u2010derived cell line with cancer cell\u2010karyotype characteristics. Drug testing revealed varied responses to commonly used clinical chemotherapeutics for MCA23 tumors and metastases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MCA23 cell line provides a valuable experimental model for studying ICC pathogenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug\u2010resistance mechanisms. This model holds considerable promise for investigating the tumor immune microenvironment and potential immunotherapeutic approaches for advanced ICC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T10:15:53Z","timestamp":1769681753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Establishment and Characterization of\n                    <scp>MCA23<\/scp>\n                    , a Novel Mouse Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Yuchao","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tumor Cell Biology Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital  Tianjin China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational Medicine, Tianjin 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