{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T17:45:20Z","timestamp":1789753520943,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy with a 5\u2010year survival rate of 13% as the 7th leading cause of cancer\u2010related death worldwide. Most patients are ineligible for resection at diagnosis. Monotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown limited success in PC, with objective response rates below 5% and median overall survival rarely exceeding 6\u2009months. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of combining gemcitabine and nab\u2010paclitaxel with ICIs in pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of combining gemcitabine and nab\u2010paclitaxel chemotherapy with ICIs in patients with pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed using predefined keywords. Eligible studies included original research articles employing interventional, cohort, case\u2013control, or cross\u2010sectional designs. Case reports, case series, and review articles were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT, 2018) were conducted independently by two reviewers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 1904 search results, seven studies met inclusion criteria: four clinical trials and three retrospective cohorts. Sample sizes ranged from 17 to 180 participants with advanced or locally advanced PC. Median overall survival was ~15\u2009months (range: 9.8\u201316.7) versus 8\u20139\u2009months for chemotherapy alone. Progression\u2010free survival ranged from 5.5\u20139 versus 3.5\u20135.5\u2009months. Objective response rates varied between 18%\u201350% for combination therapy and 23%\u201329% for chemotherapy. Grade 3\u20134 adverse events were mainly hematologic (anemia, neutropenia) and neurologic (fatigue, peripheral neuropathy). ICIs included PD\u20101 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, toripalimab, camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab), PD\u2010L1 inhibitor (durvalumab), and CTLA\u20104 inhibitor (tremelimumab).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combining ICIs with gemcitabine and nab\u2010paclitaxel appears feasible and safe, with signals of improved efficacy compared with chemotherapy alone. However, evidence remains limited, and further large\u2010scale trials are warranted to confirm survival benefits and optimize therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T03:20:25Z","timestamp":1771384825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of Combination Therapy With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy With Gemcitabine and Nab\u2010Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4395-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanye","family":"Sohrabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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