{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:48:35Z","timestamp":1790938115419,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013170","name":"Ono Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare but devastating form of non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma with persistently poor outcomes despite treatment advances. This nationwide population\u2010based study evaluated real\u2010world epidemiology, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes in Asian PCNSL patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL (2012\u20132020) were identified from the Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and linked with the National Health Insurance Research Database. Incidence, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, healthcare costs, and adverse events were analyzed for identified PCNSL patients. Specifically, median survival times (MSTs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 820 PCNSL patients (median age 65 [IQR 56\u201374] years; 53.5% male; 94.4% DLBCL subtype), age\u2010standardized incidence was 0.39 per 100,000 person\u2010years (2012\u20132020) with male predominance (0.44 vs. 0.34) and elderly burden (1.62 in \u2265\u200975\u2009years vs. 0.28 in &lt;\u200965\u2009years). Despite 89.5% receiving induction therapy within median 24\u2009days, outcomes remained poor: median survival 1.85 (95% CI 1.53\u20132.27) years, with 1\u2010, 2\u2010, and 3\u2010year survival rates of 61.5%, 48.3%, and 40.2%, respectively. All\u2010cause survival deteriorated markedly with age\u2014median survival of 5.71, 3.29, 2.32, 0.97, and 0.69\u2009years for ages &lt;\u200950, 50\u201359, 60\u201369, 70\u201379, and \u2265\u200980\u2009years, respectively. MTX\u2010based chemotherapy with rituximab adoption increased (22.2% to 55.3%), achieving superior survival (3.44\u2009years) versus WBRT alone (1.24\u2009years). However, 46.2% developed relapsed\/refractory disease at median 156 (89\u2013339) days. Consolidation therapy was administered in 52.5% at median 53\u2009days post\u2010induction. Infection (87.9%), nausea\/vomiting (81.1%), and neutropenia (54.4%) dominated adverse events, with first\u2010year costs averaging $35,472 (SD $20,816) USD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCNSL demonstrates persistently poor prognosis, with elderly patients experiencing disproportionately worse outcomes. High relapse rates, substantial treatment\u2010related adverse events, and considerable healthcare burden underscore the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T04:25:17Z","timestamp":1774844717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Nationwide Incidence, Treatment Pattern, and Prognosis of Primary\n                    <scp>CNS<\/scp>\n                    Lymphoma in Taiwan, 2012\u20132020: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1660-9120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei\u2010Yuan","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung\u2010Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pharmacy, Department of Medical Affairs Administration Lotung Poh\u2010Ai Hospital  Yilan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho\u2010Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Data Research Center National Taiwan University  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan\u2010Hsuan","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs Ono Pharma Taiwan Co., Ltd.  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bor\u2010Sheng","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Hematological Oncology National Taiwan University Cancer Center  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine National Taiwan University College of Medicine  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030403"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1215\/15228517-2008-103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.03.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108551"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-5868(98)90273-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5607"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-023-01130-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/onco.13944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00188-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036341"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2021.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cWorld (WHO 2000\u20132025) Standard \u201daccessed December 23 2024 https:\/\/seer.cancer.gov\/stdpopulations\/world.who.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2017.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.247536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2024.2333985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/now033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-023-00234-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30174-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-025-01700-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-020-00941-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hon.2666"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/noajnl\/vdae037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2024-198558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2024.104597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2019.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdz032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyae116"}],"container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.71707","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cam4.71707","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.71707","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T05:08:36Z","timestamp":1777007316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.71707"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cam4.71707"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.71707","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7634","2045-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7634","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71707"}}