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Research is needed on racial and ethnic differences in long\u2010term survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective cohort study of 10,895,183 individuals diagnosed with cancer from the US population\u2010based Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) data (2000\u20132021), we compared survival outcomes up to 15\u2009years post\u2010diagnosis across 6 mutually exclusive racial\/ethnic groups: Hispanics, and non\u2010Hispanic White, Black, Asian, American Indian\/Alaska Native (AI\/AN), and Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, Hispanic and non\u2010Hispanic Black, Asian, AI\/AN, and NHPI cancer survivors had persistently poorer survival outcomes compared to non\u2010Hispanic White cancer survivors. AI\/AN men and women, NHPI men, and Black women experienced the poorest outcomes. Survival gaps widened over time. By year 15, male AI\/AN and NHPI and female AI\/AN and Blacks were more than 25% more likely to die compared to their White counterparts. These disparities were most pronounced among individuals with advanced\u2010stage cancers and persisted across counties with various income levels. Racial\/ethnic differences varied by cancer site.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long\u2010term survival disparities by race and ethnicity persist and widen beyond 5\u2009years post\u2010diagnosis, particularly among non\u2010Hispanic AI\/AN individuals, NHPI men, and Black women. These trends are not solely explained by income or cancer stage, highlighting the need for long\u2010term, risk\u2010based and tailored survivorship care to reduce racial and ethnic differences in cancer outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T04:20:18Z","timestamp":1778127618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long\u2010Term Survival Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Among Cancer Survivors in United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7252-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui G.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia 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