{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:03:32Z","timestamp":1784199812892,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examine the impact of interferon (IFN)\u2010based and IFN\u2010free treatment on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) sustained virological response (SVR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical information was collected on 311 cases of HCC after HCV\u2010SVR from 16 facilities affiliated with the Kyushu Liver Surgery Study Group. Clinical factors and the tumor microenvironment of HCC after SVR treatment with IFN\u2010based and IFN\u2010free treatments were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No statistically significant differences were observed in the recurrence rate and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Propensity score\u2013matched analysis similarly showed no statistically significant differences in recurrence and OS. In the IFN\u2010based treatment group, OS time was significantly shorter for the programmed death\u2010ligand 1(PD\u2010L1)\u2010positive HCC than the PD\u2010L1\u2010negative HCC group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0183). No significant difference was observed in the recurrence rate between PD\u2010L1\u2010positive and PD\u2010L1\u2010negative HCC groups. In the IFN\u2010based treatment group, the recurrence rate in the cluster of differentiation (CD) 8\u2010positive group was significantly lower than in the CD8\u2010negative group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0292). There was no difference in OS time between the CD8\u2010positive and CD8\u2010negative groups. In the IFN\u2010free treatment group, PD\u2010L1 and CD8 were not associated with recurrence rate or OS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No statistically significant differences were observed in recurrence or OS rate after HCC resection in the IFN\u2010free treatment group compared with the IFN\u2010based treatment group. In the IFN\u2010based treatment group, PD\u2010L1 and CD8 expression on cancer cells might be prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.71963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T09:41:06Z","timestamp":1781170866000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Interferon\u2010Based and Interferon\u2010Free Treatments on the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatitis C Virus\u2010Sustained Virological Response: A Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0382-2520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Itoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norifumi","family":"Iseda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoharu","family":"Yoshizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takao","family":"Ide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Saga University Faculty of Medicine  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Noshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Saga University Faculty of Medicine  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisamune","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Hisaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery Kurume University  Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masao","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine  Ube Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7074-3315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Nagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological, Breast, and Endocrine Surgery Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine  Ube Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3041-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirohisa","family":"Okabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1832-4287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences Kumamoto University  Kumamoto Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Miyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Saga\u2010Ken Medical Center Koseikan  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Kitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Saga\u2010Ken Medical Center Koseikan  Saga Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3246-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Nanashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Division of Hepato\u2010Biliary\u2010Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Miyazaki Faculty of Medicine  Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamotsu","family":"Kuroki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery National Hospital Organization Nagasaki Medical Center  Nagasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery Oita University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine  Oita Oita Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohji","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center Kitakyushu City Yahata Hospital  Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Kajiwara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University  Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Sakoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu Study Group of Liver Surgery  Japan"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Kagoshima Kouseiren Hospital  Kagoshima 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