{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:18:56Z","timestamp":1787663936387,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024ZZ1023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZZ1023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017950","name":"Shanghai Municipal Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["shslczdzk01302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["shslczdzk01302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23ZR1410000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1410000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23ZR1410200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1410200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While tumor\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are prognostic in various cancers, their role in small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is unexplored. This study evaluates the prognostic significance of digitally quantified TILs in SBA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using digital pathology (QuPath) on hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E)\u2010stained slides from 62 SBA cases, we quantified tumor cells, TILs (lymphocytes &amp; plasma cells), and stromal components. Derived variables (eTILs, etTILs, esTILs, eaTILs, sTILs, iTILs, easTILs, and tumor\u2010stroma ratio [TSR]) were correlated with clinicopathological features and survival. To account for multiple comparisons across all statistical tests, false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Several TIL\u2010related parameters showed suggestive associations with clinicopathological features (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), though none remained significant after FDR correction. In univariate survival analysis, M stage and TNM stage were strongly associated with disease\u2010free survival (DFS) and remained highly significant after FDR correction (both\n                      <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Regarding TIL\u2010related parameters, higher eTILs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028) and iTILs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.032) showed suggestive associations with prolonged overall survival (OS) in univariate analysis, and higher iTILs also showed a suggestive association with DFS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045); however, none of these associations remained significant after FDR correction. In multivariate analysis, M stage and TNM stage were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for DFS, while eTILs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.099) and tumor deposit (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.055) showed trends toward independent prognostic significance without reaching statistical significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study, for the first time, objectively quantifies TILs in SBA, a rare tumor, using digital pathology and explores the potential prognostic significance of TILs in SBA. TIL\u2010related parameters demonstrate suggestive trends that warrant validation in larger, independent cohorts. These findings provide a foundation for future studies to clarify the role of TILs in SBA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T06:00:48Z","timestamp":1786946448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Open Source Automated Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes Algorithm for Prognosis in Primary Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma Using Routine Hematoxylin and Eosin Stained Sections"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Minying","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Eye &amp; ENT Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanlong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Dermatology Shanghai Time Plastic Surgery Hospital  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayizimugu","family":"Abuduwaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongkui","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieakesu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingyong","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2019.7344"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"698","article-title":"The Continuing Clinical Dilemma of Primary Tumors of the Small Intestine","volume":"61","author":"Ciresi D. 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