{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:29:33Z","timestamp":1786418973875,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India contributes approximately one\u2010third of global oral cancer cases, with pronounced disparities in outcomes across geographic and socio\u2010economic strata. While rural\u2013urban survival differences have been documented, limited evidence exists regarding whether geographic residence independently predicts long\u2010term survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective population\u2010based cohort study using data from the Wardha Population\u2010Based Cancer Registry, Maharashtra, for oral cancer cases (ICD\u201010 C00\u2013C06) diagnosed between 2010 and 2022, with follow\u2010up through December 2024. Overall survival was analysed using Kaplan\u2013Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. A mechanistic extension incorporated systemic immune\u2013inflammatory biomarkers derived from pretreatment laboratory values, including neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune\u2013inflammation index, systemic inflammation response index, C\u2010reactive protein\/albumin ratio and CRP\u2013albumin\u2013lymphocyte index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 12,847 registered cancers, 1683 (13.1%) were oral cancers; 66.2% were rural residents. Five\u2010year survival was 42.1% for rural versus 56.3% for urban residents. Rural residence remained independently associated with mortality after adjustment for age, sex, education and clinical extent (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21\u20131.48). Rural patients demonstrated elevated inflammatory biomarkers and lower CRP\u2013albumin\u2013lymphocyte index. Sequential model adjustment demonstrated attenuation of the rural hazard ratio from 1.41 to 1.22.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Geographic residence independently predicts long\u2010term oral cancer survival in this population\u2010based cohort. Systemic immune\u2013inflammatory biomarkers are associated with survival and partially account for rural\u2013urban disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T22:32:47Z","timestamp":1784673167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Geography as an Independent Determinant and Immuno\u2010Inflammatory Correlates of Long\u2010Term Oral Cancer Survival: A Population\u2010Based Cohort Study From India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nitika","family":"Taneja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medicine &amp; Society (Global Health) University Medical Centre Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences  Sevagram Maharashtra India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0038-8896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Mac","family":"Asaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Centre Freiburg  Freiburg Baden\u2010W\u00fcrttemberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/701932"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30447-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Reassessment of Risk Factors for Oral Cancer","volume":"8","author":"Gangane N.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Global Burden of Oral Cancer in 2022 Attributable to Smokeless Tobacco and Areca Nut","volume":"25","author":"Rumgay H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/jssp.2010.141.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002314"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000007965.61579.b2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07205"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Systemic Immune\u2010Inflammation Index and Related Indices in Oral Cancers: Systematic Synthesis","volume":"14","author":"Yang S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","article-title":"Prognostic and Clinicopathological Role of Pretreatment Systemic Immune\u2010Inflammation Index in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zhang J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oncology"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","article-title":"Systemic Immune\u2010Inflammatory Index and Other Blood\u2010Based Biomarkers in OSCC Across Treatment Stages","volume":"60","author":"Nicoar\u0103 A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"S74","article-title":"Oral Cancer Prevalence in Maharashtra","volume":"22","author":"Ajay P. 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