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However, their clinical significance in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA) remains largely undefined. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels and prognostic relevance of SSEA3, SSEA4, and Globo H in patients with eCCA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemical staining for SSEA3, SSEA4, and Globo H was performed on formalin\u2010fixed, paraffin\u2010embedded tumor samples from 175 patients with resected eCCA. Expression levels were quantified using H\u2010scores, and optimal cut\u2010off values determined from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis defined high and low expression groups. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis with log\u2010rank test was used to evaluate relapse\u2010free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS), and Cox regression analysis identified independent prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Elevated expression of SSEA4 and Globo H was significantly associated with late stage of eCCA. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis revealed that high expression of all three glycans was significantly correlated with shorter RFS (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Similar results were observed in patients with early stage. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high expression of SSEA3 (HR\u2009=\u20092.77, 95% CI: 1.03\u20137.46,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044) and Globo H (HR\u2009=\u20092.88, 95% CI: 1.05\u20137.94,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040) independently predicted poor RFS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SSEA3 and Globo H independently predict RFS. These findings support the potential prognostic relevance of Globo H and SSEA3 in eCCA; however, external validation and functional studies are required before clinical implementation or therapeutic translation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T04:20:51Z","timestamp":1786594851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High Expression of\n                    <scp>SSEA3<\/scp>\n                    and Globo H Predicts Poor Outcomes in Resected Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Single\u2010Center Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6173-0862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsai\u2010Hsien","family":"Hung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer 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