{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:56:11Z","timestamp":1791262571975,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With AI tools being increasingly utilized for medical inquiries, this study evaluated the agreement between clinicians, text\u2010only clinicians, DeepSeek\u2010V3, and ChatGPT\u20104o in TNM staging and preferred treatment recommendations for newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective study analyzed 322 consecutive NPC patients treated at our institution from January 2023 to February 2025. TNM staging (AJCC 8th edition) and preferred treatment recommendations were independently assessed by text\u2010only clinicians, DeepSeek\u2010V3, and ChatGPT\u20104o. Interrater agreement was quantified using Cohen's kappa coefficient and Fleiss' kappa analysis (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), with the range of\n                      <jats:italic>\u03ba<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.81\u20131.00 considered almost perfect agreement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort comprised 244 males and 78 females (median age, 52\u2009years, range, 18\u201377\u2009years). Cohen's kappa analysis showed that for clinical staging, moderate agreement was exhibited in clinician\u2010AI comparisons, while substantial agreement was observed between clinicians and text\u2010only clinicians. For preferred treatment recommendations, slight agreement was noted in clinician\u2010AI comparisons, while moderate agreement was found between clinicians and text\u2010only clinicians. Fleiss' kappa analysis demonstrated moderate agreement among the 4 raters for T stage, N stage, and clinical staging, while M stage achieved almost perfect agreement. However, overall agreement for treatment recommendations was fair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The AI tools demonstrated moderate agreement with clinicians in overall clinical staging for NPC, with heterogeneous performance across T, N, and M categories (almost perfect for M stage, moderate for T and N stages), whereas their preferred treatment recommendations showed only slight agreement with clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T06:18:55Z","timestamp":1788329935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Agreement in Staging and Treatment Recommendations Among Clinicians, Text\u2010Only Clinicians,\n                    <scp>DeepSeek\u2010V3<\/scp>\n                    , and\n                    <scp>ChatGPT\u20104o<\/scp>\n                    for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2651-6833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shenglan","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6795-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liuyun","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9253-3650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunhuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University  Xiamen 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