{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:57:41Z","timestamp":1791262661857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    PD\u2010L1 tumour\u2010cell (TC) and immune\u2010cell (IC) expression are scored separately in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but are often collapsed into a combined positive score, potentially obscuring distinct patterns. In this retrospective, single\u2010centre cohort of 61 patients with locally advanced, hypopharynx\u2010predominant HNSCC receiving neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200946) or chemotherapy alone (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200915), we scored PD\u2010L1 TC% and IC% separately on pretreatment biopsies, defined four TC\/IC phenotypes, classified patients by combined PD\u2010L1\/early lymph node metastasis (ELNM) profile and related these to serum biomarkers, neoadjuvant response and survival. TC% and IC% were not correlated (Spearman\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.13,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.40), supporting their biological independence; among 46 patients with both scores the phenotypes were cold (TC\u2212\/IC\u2212,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), TC\u2010intrinsic (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910), IC\u2010dominant (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912) and hot (TC+\/IC+,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914). The overall objective response rate after two neoadjuvant cycles was 91.4% (53\/58 evaluable), with no progressive disease and did not differ significantly across PD\u2010L1\/ELNM profiles (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.15) or between chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy alone (95% vs. 79%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.085). Serum IL\u20106 showed a non\u2010significant inverse association with IC% (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.33,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.10) and was numerically lowest in the hot phenotype; serum tumour markers did not differ by ELNM status. Over a median follow\u2010up of 24.0\u2009months there were three deaths and nine progression events; in exploratory, underpowered analyses neither progression\u2010free nor overall survival differed by PD\u2010L1\/ELNM profile (PFS log\u2010rank\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.40) or treatment modality (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.64), and the double\u2010positive group did not show the favourable survival suggested by uncontrolled comparisons. These data indicate that PD\u2010L1 TC% and IC% capture independent information and that the TC\/IC phenotype distribution is heterogeneous; with few events the survival analysis is hypothesis\u2010generating only, and adequately powered prospective studies with longer follow\u2010up are required.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:21:57Z","timestamp":1788931317000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>PD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>L1<\/scp>\n                    Tumour\u2010Cell\/Immune\u2010Cell Phenotype, Early Nodal Status and Serum Biomarkers in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study With Exploratory Survival Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ningning","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zehui","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0557-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fangli","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University  Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000492304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-020-05570-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1168191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr-21-1740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.21.02508"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-018-0131-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30066-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31999-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1602252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2025.104841"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1489451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0000000000000590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-023-01590-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2025.107606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517712435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2024.106799"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2022.2492"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1346793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.01.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ohn.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2022.09.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2023e12703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esmoop.2024.103961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-024-01933-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000005544"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.62347\/EBSN4496"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S257299"}],"container-title":["Cancer 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