{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:55:38Z","timestamp":1791262538050,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81872551"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81872551"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC1308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC1308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) delivers high linear energy transfer radiation with superior dose conformity compared with photon radiotherapy (PRT). However, whether these physical advantages translate into clinical benefit for locally advanced non\u2010small cell lung cancer (LA\u2010NSCLC) in the era of modern systemic therapy remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective, propensity score\u2010matched cohort study of patients with Stage III LA\u2010NSCLC treated with definitive CIRT or PRT as part of multimodality therapy between January 2016 and December 2023. The primary endpoint was locoregional recurrence\u2010free survival (LRFS). Secondary endpoints included progression\u2010free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis\u2010free survival (DMFS), and acute grade \u2265\u20092 radiation\u2010related adverse events (AEs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 292 patients were matched (146 per group). With a median follow\u2010up of 32.5\u2009months, CIRT group demonstrated significantly longer median LRFS (57.7 vs. 25.0\u2009months; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.39\u20130.88;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) and median PFS (17.7 vs. 16.7\u2009months; HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53\u20130.94;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) compared with PRT group, whereas OS and DMFS were similar between groups. CIRT group also had fewer acute grade \u2265\u20092 radiation\u2010related AEs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CIRT demonstrated improved locoregional control and fewer acute toxicities compared with PRT in LA\u2010NSCLC in this retrospective matched cohort. Prospective randomized trials are warranted to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:05:00Z","timestamp":1789016700000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improved Locoregional Recurrence\u2010Free Survival With Carbon Ion Versus Photon Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5358-7350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonglong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ningyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6085-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xingwen","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2808-3234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kailiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center Fudan University Cancer Hospital  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai 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