{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:38:45Z","timestamp":1792809525333,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790467200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031949","name":"Guardant Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014547","name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Joint modeling (JM) of longitudinal and time\u2010to\u2010event (TTE) data is a powerful statistical technique that elucidates how temporal changes in a biomarker relate to TTE outcomes while accounting for study confounders. The growing use of next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) in precision oncology, particularly in capturing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation via liquid biopsy, offers new opportunities to apply JM for patient prognostication. In this study, we used JM to analyze a prospective cohort of 251 non\u2010small cell lung cancer patients receiving standard\u2010of\u2010care immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment regimens. The JM is comprised of two sub\u2010models\u2014a hierarchical cubic spline random effects model for the longitudinal biomarker component and a Cox proportional hazards model for the TTE outcome component. Each sub\u2010model incorporated baseline factors of age, gender, smoking status, and cancer stage. The main objective was to establish whether the evolution of a methylation\u2010derived tumor fraction (TF) is associated with patient outcomes. Our investigation revealed that TF is strongly associated with both real\u2010world overall survival and real\u2010world progression\u2010free survival. These results enable the generation of various patient\u2010level predictions that capture the dynamic interplay between TF and patient outcomes, offering a path toward real\u2010time, personalized prognostication. Although validation in larger, multi\u2010center cohorts is needed before routine adoption, this work represents an important step toward integrating dynamic predictions into serial liquid biopsy monitoring. This approach demonstrates the potential of JM to provide more nuanced and adaptive disease evolution monitoring, offering better clinical decision guidance compared to static models or imaging alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:02:01Z","timestamp":1790564521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic Predictions in Non\u2010Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time\u2010To\u2010Event Outcomes Data"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9335-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Pretz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Wienke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6108-7785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carin R.","family":"Espenschied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha I.","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiemin","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher R.","family":"Cabanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Ngo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enjun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amar K.","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guardant Health, Inc  Palo Alto California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097\u20100258(19960815)15:15<1663::AID\u2010SIM292>3.0.CO;2\u2010J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5705\/ss.2004.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541\u20100420.2010.01546.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b12208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12785\/jsta\/140407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12561\u2010018\u20109226\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2018.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541\u20100420.2012.01837.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201300275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02664763.2014.998275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6141"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20170604.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cam.2020.113037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3125"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201600238"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078\u20100432.CCR\u201024\u20101987"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591\u2010024\u201003425\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","unstructured":"D.Rizopoulos P.Miranda Afonso andG.Papageorgiou JMbayes2: Extended joint models for longitudinal and time\u2010to\u2010event data. 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