{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:38:58Z","timestamp":1792809538209,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K18657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K18657"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combination therapy comprising immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chemotherapy is standard treatment for many cancer types. However, the management of adverse events (AEs) induced by combination therapy is more complicated than that of AEs induced by ICI monotherapy. Although immune\u2010related AEs (irAEs) induced by ICIs and AEs induced by chemotherapy require distinct therapeutic approaches, distinguishing between them can be challenging. Therefore, in this exploratory study, we aimed to investigate whether lymphocyte proportion could serve as a candidate biomarker associated with the occurrence of irAEs in patients receiving ICI plus chemotherapy combination therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We categorized 122 patients into the irAE group (those who experienced irAEs), chemo\u2010AE group (those with chemotherapy\u2010induced AEs), and non\u2010AE group (those without AEs) and analyzed their lymphocyte proportions before one course (baseline sample) and two courses (two\u2010course sample) of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lymphocyte proportions of the baseline samples did not differ between the non\u2010AE, chemo\u2010AE, and irAE groups. The lymphocyte proportion of the two\u2010course sample of the irAE group was significantly higher than that of the non\u2010AE group (25.8% vs. 21.9%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The lymphocyte proportion of the two\u2010course sample of the irAE group was significantly higher than that of the chemo\u2010AE group (25.8% vs. 19.6%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a lymphocyte proportion \u2265\u200923.9% in the two\u2010course sample significantly increased the risk of irAEs (odds ratio\u2009=\u20093.04;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An increased lymphocyte proportion before the two courses of treatment was associated with the occurrence of irAEs and may serve as a candidate biomarker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T05:45:02Z","timestamp":1791265502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Increased Lymphocyte Proportions as a Candidate Biomarker for Immune\u2010Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nanami","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1830-7452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiko","family":"Tasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-5872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takehiro","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic and Pediatric Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Aichi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-7946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences  Nagoya Aichi 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