{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:40:27Z","timestamp":1792809627247,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic metastasis remains the leading cause of mortality in patients with advanced prostate cancer, particularly in castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), for which effective systemic therapeutic options are limited. Gene therapy is a potential strategy for achieving selective tumor targeting and systemic disease control in metastatic settings. This study aimed to establish a systemic metastasis animal model for CRPC and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) virus\u2010like particle (VLPs)\u2013based gene therapy against metastatic disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A near\u2010infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP)\u2010expressing CRPC cell line was used to establish a systemic metastasis model by tail\u2010vein injection in mice. The therapeutic efficacy of JCPyV VLPs carrying a prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) promoter\u2010driven suicide gene (PSAtk\u2010VLPs), administered in combination with ganciclovir (GCV), was evaluated longitudinally by fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT), with enzalutamide\/leuprorelin acetate (ENZ\/LEU) included as a clinical treatment comparator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      CRPC metastases in the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, and bones were detected by FMT in real time. Control mice exhibited exponential CRPC growth, whereas ENZ\/LEU treatment delayed CRPC progression. PSAtk\u2010VLPs\/GCV significantly inhibited the growth of metastatic CRPC. However, no significant differences in survival were observed among the MOCK, ENZ\/LEU, and PSAtk\u2010VLP\/GCV groups (log\u2010rank test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.7351).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support that JCPyV\u2010derived virus\u2010like particles constitute a promising therapeutic approach for metastatic CRPC, enabling systemic delivery of suicide gene therapy with selective inhibition of tumor growth and translational relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T02:52:29Z","timestamp":1792464749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gene Therapy for Metastatic Castration\u2010Resistant Prostate Cancer Using the\n                    <scp>JC<\/scp>\n                    Polyomavirus (\n                    <scp>JCPyV<\/scp>\n                    ) Virus\u2010Like Particles as a Gene Delivery Vector"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chih\u2010Chieh","family":"Chou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010En","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation  Chia\u2010Yi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Shih","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital  Puzi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung\u2010Shan Medical University and Clinical Laboratory Chung\u2010Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei\u2010lain","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deching","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Huang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-230X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiung\u2010Yao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Cheng University  Chiayi Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Research Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital  Chiayi Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045307\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(21)00950\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010med\u2010051517\u2010011947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.23.00433"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388\u2010024\u201003175\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.02.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46883\/onc.2020.3411.0460"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.2246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a030635"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1462399403006380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585\u2010019\u20100165\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417\u2010019\u20100083\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41434\u2010021\u201000280\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41417\u2010023\u201000699\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1918"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci126327"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010020\u201002752\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.41.2.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2300251"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14796694.2024.2426425"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0309941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585\u2010024\u201000875\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000005592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000003829"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/rlu.0000000000004734"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103\u2010019\u201002801\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.919739"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019\u2010020\u201001310\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391\u2010022\u201000604\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391\u2010022\u201000605\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259\u2010020\u201004828\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.124.268277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1903835"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207506"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159\u20108290.Cd\u201013\u20100226"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1315815"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2017.77.6880"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010019\u201050220\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2015.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010022\u201005084\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41585\u2010021\u201000431\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/raon\u20102022\u20100002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6041540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010021\u201000487\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2011.583914"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201091328\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885\u2010021\u201008862\u2010w"}],"container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.72365","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cam4.72365","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.72365","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:07:44Z","timestamp":1792807664000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.72365"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cam4.72365"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.72365","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7634","2045-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7634","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72365"}}