{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:39:07Z","timestamp":1792809547244,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP150587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP150587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP220119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP220119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP190641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP190641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP200537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP200537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP250355"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP250355"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP200554"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP200554"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK 56338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK 56338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015620","name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIN 13\u2010413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIN 13\u2010413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015620","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES030285"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES030285"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) that were previously conducted in European and Asian cohorts have identified numerous genetic risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its precursors and risk factors. A polygenic risk score (PRS) composed of these key SNPs for HCC may be useful for risk stratification in clinical settings for U.S. patients with cirrhosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Using genetic and clinical data from the Texas HCC Consortium cohort, we evaluated a weighted PRS constructed from 11 independent SNPs previously shown to be associated with advanced liver disease (\n                      <jats:italic>PNPLA3<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>TM6SF2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>GCKR<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>HSD17B13<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>GATAD2A<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>TRIB2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>PPP1R3B<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>CPN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>ERLIN1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>APOE<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2013\n                      <jats:italic>MBOAT7<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). We used Fine\u2010Gray competing risk models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to test the association between the PRS and HCC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 1888 patient cohort included non\u2010Hispanic White (NHW; 50.4%), non\u2010Hispanic Black (NHB; 18.5%), and Hispanic (28.6%) patients, and 116 developed incident HCC. Each unit increase in the PRS was associated with increasing risk of HCC (HR\u2009=\u20092.20; 95% CI (1.53, 3.18)). The 11\u2010SNP PRS was strongly associated with risk of HCC in NHW patients (HR\u2009=\u20092.53, 95% CI (1.65, 3.89)) but not among NHB and Hispanic patients. Similarly, the magnitude of the PRS effect on HCC risk differed by cirrhosis etiology with the strongest association for cirrhosis due to Hepatitis C (HR\u2009=\u20093.81, 95% CI (1.64, 8.82)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study shows that PRS is generally promising for HCC risk prediction; however, the current PRS that was derived from previous GWAS of primarily NHW and Asian patients is not robust over different groups, limiting their use for risk stratification in diverse populations with different etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.72375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:33:54Z","timestamp":1791527634000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating a Polygenic Risk Score for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Multiethnic Cirrhosis Patients in Texas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2086-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya B.","family":"Shetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nia","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2086-7209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao T.","family":"Duong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6715-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fasiha","family":"Kanwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt) Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Khaderi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1172-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit G.","family":"Singal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine UT Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumeet K.","family":"Asrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University Medical Center  Dallas Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Luster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer","family":"Al\u2010Sarraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (IQuESt) Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8177-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashwin","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8579-1435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinyoung","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8540-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Amos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Preventive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hashem B.","family":"El\u2010Serag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0084-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron P.","family":"Thrift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"},{"name":"Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization \u201cCancer \u201d (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute \u201cWhat Is Liver Cancer?\u201d(2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06231-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.12.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2011.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute\u2010SEER Program \u201cCancer of the Liver and Intrahepatic Bile Duct\u2014Cancer Stat Facts \u201d (2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.809"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26217-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002791"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000800"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12682"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327196"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00603-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2025.101485"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-025-00832-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282309"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biodatasci-122220-112550"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Twelve Years of SAMtools and BCFtools","volume":"2","author":"Danecek P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"GigaScience"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-023-01161-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2021.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2025.100639"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gastro\/goae057"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-026-00984-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-021-02591-w"}],"container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.72375","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cam4.72375","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cam4.72375","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:06:39Z","timestamp":1792807599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cam4.72375"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cam4.72375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cam4.72375","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-7634","2045-7634"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-7634","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-7634","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e72375"}}