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We sought to explore differences in activin (<jats:italic>INHBA\/<\/jats:italic> Inhibin\u2010\u03b2A and <jats:italic>INHBB\/<\/jats:italic> Inhibin\u2010\u03b2B) between malignant and ovarian tissues at the RNA and protein level and assess the relationship between activin and immune cells in EOC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Publicly available RNA sequencing data were accessed from GEO (#GSE143897) with normalization and quantification performed via DESeq2. Immune gene expression profile was further explored within the TCGA\u2010OV cohort derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate activin A and T\u2010cell markers CD8 and FoxP3 at the protein level. ELISA to activin\u2010A was used to assess levels in the ascites of advanced EOC patients. Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were generated to visualize survival outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gene expression levels of components of the activin signaling pathway were elevated within EOC when compared to a benign cohort, with differences in activin type I\/II receptor gene profiles identified. Additionally, <jats:italic>INHBA<\/jats:italic> gene expression was linked to lymphocytic immune markers in EOC samples. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a positive correlation of CD8 and FOXP3 staining with activin A at the protein level in both primary and metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer samples. Furthermore, Activin\u2010A (inhibin\u2010\u03b2A) is significantly elevated in EOC patient ascites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>INHBA<\/jats:italic> expression is elevated within EOC, correlating with worse survival, with activin protein levels correlating with specific immune infiltration. Our findings suggest that activin\u2010A may play a role in suppressing anti\u2010tumor immunity in EOC, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T09:20:15Z","timestamp":1725873615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Activin levels correlate with lymphocytic infiltration in epithelial ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth T.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heersink School of Medicine University of Alabama School of Medicine  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily 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