{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T20:20:55Z","timestamp":1760473255750,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Breast cancer treatment patterns and quality of care among patients experiencing incarceration are underexplored. This study examined associations between incarceration and breast cancer disease and treatment characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective analysis was conducted at a tertiary center in the Southeastern United States that serves as the state's safety\u2010net hospital and primary referral site for the state's prisons. All patients \u226518\u2009years diagnosed with breast cancer between 4\/14\/2014\u201312\/30\/2020 were included. Incarceration status was determined through electronic health record review. Linear regression was used to estimate the association of incarceration with time to treatment. Unadjusted overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method with log\u2010rank tests to compare groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 4329 patients included, 30 (0.7%) were incarcerated at the time of diagnosis or treatment (DI) and 4299 (99.3%) had no incarceration history (NI). Compared to patients who were NI, patients who were DI were younger (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), more likely to be unmarried (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and more likely to have family history of breast cancer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Patients who were DI had an increased time from diagnosis to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (+47.2\u2009days on average, 95% CI 3.9\u201390.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and from diagnosis to surgery (+20\u2009days on average, 95% CI 6.5\u201333.5, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) compared to NI patients. No difference in OS was observed (log\u2010rank <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.70).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who are incarcerated experienced significant delays in breast cancer care. While no differences in mortality were appreciated, these findings are concerning, as they indicate poorer care coordination for patients who are incarcerated. Further research is necessary to understand the full scope of these disparities and elucidate factors that contribute to them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.7428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T05:54:11Z","timestamp":1723182851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining inequities associated with incarceration among breast cancer patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9759-384X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Iwai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice Yunzi L.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samantha M.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Cancer Institute Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyler","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Duke Cancer Institute Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Westbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Cancer Institute Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea K.","family":"Knittel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of North Carolina School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-975X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwadamilola M.","family":"Fayanju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Rena Rowan Breast Center Abramson Cancer Center, Penn Medicine  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"SawyerW WagnerP.Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2022. 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