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The complete medical records, medical images, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> notes of 391 pediatric patients with primary brain tumors treated with cranial <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> between January 1975 and December 2005 in Taipei Veterans General Hospital (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TVGH<\/jats:styled-content>), Taiwan, were entered into an electronic registry and reviewed. Eight (2%) cases of post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> moyamoya syndrome were identified in the sample of 391 patients. The median latency was 3\u00a0years post\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content>. Among the eight patients, three had craniopharyngioma, two had optic glioma, two had medulloblastoma, and one had a suprasellar astrocytoma. The prescribed physical doses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RT<\/jats:styled-content> were in the range of 40\u201354\u00a0Gy. The incidence was highest in those with optic glioma (0.039\/person\u2010year), followed by craniopharyngioma (0.013\/person\u2010year), astrocytoma (0.003\/person\u2010year), and medulloblastoma (0.002\/person\u2010year). No patients died of vasculopathy. No difference in crude incidence was found between our results and those of other series. The incidence of moyamoya syndrome was diagnosis dependent, with the highest incidence among patients with optic glioma. No regional difference in incidence was found. Long\u2010term, stable neurological function may be achieved following timely surgical intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T01:57:00Z","timestamp":1465178220000},"page":"2155-2160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Incidence and long\u2010term outcome of postradiotherapy moyamoya syndrome in pediatric patients with primary brain tumors: a single institute experience in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yuan\u2010Hung","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Taipei Veterans General Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Public Health National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei 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