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Total RNA<\/jats:styled-content> was extracted from tumor and peritumor tissues from mice with HCC<\/jats:styled-content> and analyzed using a PCR<\/jats:styled-content> microarray comprising 98 genes. Changes in gene expression of threefold or more were screened and subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses and western blotting. Furthermore, whether chemokine knockdown by RNA<\/jats:styled-content> interference (RNA<\/jats:styled-content>i) could significantly suppress tumor growth in vivo was also evaluated. Finally, total serum samples were collected from HCC<\/jats:styled-content> patients with HBV<\/jats:styled-content>\/cirrhosis (n\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>16) or liver cirrhosis (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016) and from healthy controls (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016). The serum mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein expression levels of CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>1 in primary liver cancer patients were detected by qRT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and western blot analysis, respectively. Several genes were up\u2010regulated in tumor tissues during the progression period, including CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>1, CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>2, CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>3, and IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>, while CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>1 expression was down\u2010regulated. CBRH<\/jats:styled-content>\u20107919 cells carrying CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>1 siRNA<\/jats:styled-content> resulted in decreased tumor growth in nude mice. The differences in serum CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>1 mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels among the HCC<\/jats:styled-content>, hepatic sclerosis (HS)<\/jats:styled-content>, and control groups were significant (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001). The mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels of CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>1 in the HCC<\/jats:styled-content> group were up\u2010regulated compared with the HS<\/jats:styled-content> group or the control group (P\u00a0<\/jats:italic><\u00a00.001). Several chemokine genes were identified that might play important roles in the tumor microenvironment of HCC<\/jats:styled-content>. These results provide new insights into human HCC<\/jats:styled-content> and may ultimately facilitate early HCC<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosis and lead to the discovery of innovative therapeutic approaches for HCC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,29]],"date-time":"2016-09-29T04:19:25Z","timestamp":1475122765000},"page":"2861-2871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Chemokine CXCL<\/scp>1 may serve as a potential molecular target for hepatocellular carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Ke\u2010qi","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010qun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010dong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan\u2010gang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Nian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Pharmacy Shanghai Yueyang Hosptail of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200437 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010feng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changhai Hosptail of Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200433 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u2010wei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Xin\u2010Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200092 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i45.7239"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-3-27"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600449-MCP200","article-title":"Proteome analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma by two\u2010dimensional difference gel electrophoresis novel protein markers in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues","volume":"6","author":"Sun W.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. 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