{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T01:01:27Z","timestamp":1784682087173,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Adv Periodontics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In soft tissue regeneration, the clinical efficacy of fibrin membranes has been a pressing concern. The key to this efficacy lies in the stability of membrane and its controlled absorption. Human serum albumin, with its influence on the formation and stability of fibrin networks, could hold the key to developing a more stable alternative. This study investigates the ultrastructure and biodegradability of plasma albumin\u2010activated gel, a potential game\u2010changer in the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Blood samples were collected from the participants and centrifuged to obtain the concentrated growth factor. The poor platelet plasma syringe was placed inside the activated plasma albumin gel device. The ultrastructure of the membrane was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The weight difference was measured over 21 days to investigate the biodegradability of the samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010two samples were prepared from six individuals (three males and three females). Based on SEM images, activated albumin gel after 21 days in Hank's solution exhibited a significant decrease in density and evident signs of surface degradation. The weight was significantly reduced after 21 days (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, the investigation of the ultrastructure and biodegradability of activated albumin gel showed that, based on the observed weight difference, the amount of biodegradation is high, and it may be necessary to use a thicker membrane compared to the conventional thickness of the connective tissue graft.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key points<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Enhanced stability and biocompatibility<\/jats:italic>\n                            : The study highlights plasma albumin\u2010activated gel's potential as a soft tissue scaffold, demonstrating significant biodegradation and structural changes that support cell infiltration and nutrient exchange, essential for tissue regeneration.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Controlled degradation profile<\/jats:italic>\n                            : Plasma albumin gel offers a prolonged biodegradation period compared to conventional fibrin membranes, making it suitable for applications requiring stable, long\u2010lasting scaffolds in soft tissue regeneration.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            <jats:italic>Future clinical applications<\/jats:italic>\n                            : Findings suggest that thicker plasma albumin membranes may be needed for optimal effectiveness, paving the way for further exploration in clinical trials and animal models to validate this approach in soft tissue grafting.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Plain language summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigates plasma albumin\u2010activated gel as a promising material for supporting soft tissue repair, particularly in periodontal regeneration. Traditional materials, such as fibrin membranes, are often used to aid healing, but their rapid breakdown can limit effectiveness in the body. Plasma albumin, a protein naturally found in human blood, might offer a more stable alternative by forming a longer\u2010lasting structure. In this study, researchers processed blood samples from participants to create the gel, examining its structure under a powerful microscope and tracking changes in weight over 21 days to assess its breakdown. Results showed that the gel gradually became less dense and more porous, allowing for cell movement and nutrient flow\u2014both critical for tissue repair. Additionally, a significant reduction in weight indicated a controlled breakdown over time. These findings suggest that plasma albumin\u2010activated gel may serve as a more durable scaffold for soft tissue regeneration, potentially improving healing outcomes in periodontal applications where a stable, longer\u2010lasting material is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cap.10330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T07:56:37Z","timestamp":1734508597000},"page":"205-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In vitro ultrastructure and biodegradation of activated plasma albumin gel derived from human samples: A prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9422-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behzad","family":"Houshmand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Aria Vira Academy  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9997-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammadreza Talebi","family":"Ardakani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7936-4709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farshad","family":"Armandei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1327-5014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anahita","family":"Moscowchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4712-3445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aria Vira Academy  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8417-5913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jafar","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0456-1740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi Ekhlasmand","family":"Kermani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry Kerman University of Medical Sciences  Kerman 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