{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:50:17Z","timestamp":1781945417830,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002569","name":"Wonkwang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clin Adv Periodontics"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Soft tissue grafts are commonly used in periodontal surgery around teeth and implants. However, few studies have examined donor\u2010site pain through patient\u2010reported outcomes following soft tissue grafting. This study aimed to minimize donor\u2010site pain during autologous gingival grafting using a three\u2010dimensionally (3D)\u2010printed stent and evaluate its effectiveness from a patient\u2010centered perspective.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this randomized controlled trial, 32 patients requiring autogenous gingival grafts were equally allocated to the control group (Omnivac stent) or the test group (3D\u2010printed stent). Patient\u2010reported outcomes were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oral Health Impact Profile\u201014 (OHIP\u201014) questionnaire on the day of surgery and at 1, 7, and 14 days postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Data from 16 control and 14 test patients were analyzed (two patients were lost to follow\u2010up). The test group reported significantly lower VAS scores than the control group. Despite a lack of statistically significant temporal differences, marked reduction was observed on the day of surgery and on postoperative day 7. OHIP\u201014 scores were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group across all time points. Analysis of the individual OHIP\u201014 items at different intervals revealed significant reductions in discomfort\u2014specifically in pronunciation, taste, mastication, and daily activities\u2014when using 3D\u2010printed stents.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n This study applied 3D\u2010printed stents to reduce donor\u2010site discomfort after autogenous soft tissue grafting and evaluated their effectiveness using patient\u2010reported outcomes. Although 3D\u2010printed stents may not directly reduce postoperative pain, they help alleviate discomfort during routine oral functions and daily activities.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Points<\/jats:title>\n \n \n \n This study focuses on the free gingival graft, one of the most frequently employed soft tissue grafts in periodontal practice.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n While autogenous gingival grafting on the palatal side is currently considered the gold standard, it causes additional pain and discomfort in patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n \n This study demonstrates that three\u2010dimensional technology can be used to improve stent design to reduce patient pain and discomfort.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:list-item>\n <\/jats:list>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Plain language summary<\/jats:title>\n This randomized controlled trial demonstrates that compared with a conventional stent, a customized 3D\u2010printed palatal stent significantly improves patient\u2010reported comfort and oral function after autologous gingival grafting, thereby enhancing postoperative quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cap.70075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:01:22Z","timestamp":1781942482000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Customized three dimensionally printed palatal stents: A randomized controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7724-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mi\u2010Seon","family":"Goh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Iksan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Iksan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5600-9310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong\u2010Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Iksan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4585-0477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung\u2010Keun","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Iksan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Iksan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1423-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong\u2010Chan","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Laboratory Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Iksan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-9100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong\u2010Woon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology Wonkwang University Dental Hospital Iksan Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology and Wonkwang Dental Research Institute College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University Iksan Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13114"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12703"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12630"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.19\u20100566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2019.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903\u2010021\u201001541\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5051\/jpis.225202edi01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3290\/j.qi.a44216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t03738\u2010000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.11.1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/dmp\/91406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.12575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010017\u20102320\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.13254"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u2010051X.2011.01842.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/PROM.S174721"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010023\u201003407\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12588"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010023\u201004987\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432\u2010023\u201000614\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.070349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.22\u20100201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784\u2010023\u201004944\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12927"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13122781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","volume-title":"FDA regulation of medical devices","author":"Johnson JA","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2022.12.012"}],"container-title":["Clinical Advances in Periodontics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cap.70075","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cap.70075","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cap.70075","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:01:24Z","timestamp":1781942484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cap.70075"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cap.70075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cap.70075","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-8046","2163-0097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-8046","type":"print"},{"value":"2163-0097","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"cap.70075"}}