{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T18:32:36Z","timestamp":1776796356753,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EuropeAid\/134258\/M\/ACT\/ZA PSPPD2\/CfPl\/2013\/34"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EuropeAid\/134258\/M\/ACT\/ZA PSPPD2\/CfPl\/2013\/34"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006641","name":"UNICEF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Abuse Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>South Africa has extraordinarily high levels of CSA with profound immediate and long\u2010term mental health outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the mental health adjustment of children who experienced CSA and accessed support services using mixed methods. Structured interviews using validated mental health screening tools were conducted with children, between the ages of 7\u201318\u2009years at three intervals over a 10\u2010month period. Semi\u2010structured qualitative interviews were conducted with primary caregivers to explore their views on the child's adjustment, and a validated parenting measure was used to assess parenting practices over time. Nearly 20% of all children met the clinical criteria for depression, but younger children showed increased recovery from depression over time. More than a third (37%) of younger children had full\u2010symptom PTSD at baseline, with about a quarter (24%) of adolescents meeting the full\u2010symptom PTSD criteria. We found that although full\u2010symptom PTSD decreased to 26% for younger children, there was a slight increase (32%) in full\u2010symptom PTSD among adolescents. Children's experiences of poly\u2010victimisation were highlighted through caregiver interviews combined with caregivers' own experiences of unresolved trauma. Therapeutic models need to address the complex nature of trauma that children experience and unresolved trauma experienced by many families to break this intergenerational cycle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/car.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]],"date-time":"2024-12-10T12:26:15Z","timestamp":1733833575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Developing an Understanding of Complex Trauma Among Child Sexual Assault Survivors in South Africa: Implications for Practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4743-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanaaz","family":"Mathews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Institute University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lizette\u00a0M.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Institute University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, AHTC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"Akobirshoev I. andA. 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