{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:16:45Z","timestamp":1780384605783,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]],"date-time":"2006-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The capture web of <jats:italic>N. clavipes<\/jats:italic> presents viscous droplets, which play important roles in web mechanics and prey capture. By using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, it was demonstrated that the web droplets are constituted of different chemical environments, provided by the existence both of an aqueous and a lipid layer, which, in turn, present a suspension of tenths of vesicles containing polypeptides and\/or lipids. GC\/EI\u2010MS Analysis of the contents of these vesicles led to the identification of some saturated fatty acids, such as decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and icosanoic acid, while other components were unsaturated fatty acids, such as (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010tetradec\u20109\u2010enoic acid, (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010octadec\u20109\u2010enoic acid, and (<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010icosa\u201011\u2010enoic acid; and polyunsaturated fatty acids like (9<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>,12<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010octadeca\u20109,12\u2010dienoic acid, (9<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>,12<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>,15<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010octadeca\u20109,12,15\u2010trienoic acid, and (11<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>,14<jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>)\u2010icosa\u201011,14\u2010dienoic acid. Toxic proteins such as calcium\u2010activated proteinase and metalloproteinase jararhagin\u2010like precursor were also identified by using a proteomic approach, indicating the possible involvement of these enzymes in the pre\u2010digestion of spiders' preys web\u2010captured. Apparently, the mixture of fatty acids are relatively toxic to insects by topical application (<jats:italic>LD<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 64.3\u00b17.6\u2005ng mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> honeybee), while the proteins alone present no topical effect; however, when injected into the prey\u2010insects, these proteins presented a moderate toxicity (<jats:italic>LD<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 40.3\u00b14.8\u2005ng mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> honeybee); the mixture of fatty acids and proteins is very toxic to the preys captured by the web droplets of the viscid spiral of <jats:italic>Nephila clavipes<\/jats:italic> when topically applied on them (<jats:italic>LD<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 14.3\u00b11.8\u2005ng mg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> honeybee).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200690075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]],"date-time":"2006-07-26T13:59:37Z","timestamp":1153922377000},"page":"727-741","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The Venomous Secrets of the Web Droplets from the Viscid Spiral of the Orb\u2010Weaver Spider <i>Nephila clavipes<\/i> (Araneae, Tetragnatidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Heliana\u2005C.","family":"Salles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn\u2005Cristina\u2005F.\u2005R.","family":"Volsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maur\u00edcio\u2005R.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bibiana\u2005M.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucilene\u2005D.","family":"dos\u2005Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udio\u2005F.","family":"Tormena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria\u2005A.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario\u2005S.","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.246.4929.479"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/340711a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35069000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01134447"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/340305a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345526a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-8130(98)00076-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402590203"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2003.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"38","volume":"120","author":"Quicke 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