{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T03:40:18Z","timestamp":1692589218213},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]],"date-time":"2008-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1219708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chromium (Cr) is a cytotoxic metal that can be associated with a variety of types of DNA damage, including Cr\u2010DNA adducts and strand breaks. Prior studies with purified human cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> and NADPH\u2009:\u2009P450 reductase in reconstituted proteoliposomes (PLs) demonstrated rapid reduction of Cr<jats:sup>VI<\/jats:sup> (hexavalent chromium, as CrO<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-1.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\" \/>), and the generation of Cr<jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>, superoxide (O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>.\u2212<\/jats:sup>), and hydroxyl radical (HO<jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup>). Studies reported here examined the potential for the species produced by this system to interact with DNA. Strand breaks of purified plasmid DNA increased over time aerobically, but were not observed in the absence of O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Cr<jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup> is formed under both conditions, so the breaks are not mediated directly by Cr<jats:sup>V<\/jats:sup>. The aerobic strand breaks were significantly prevented by catalase and EtOH, but not by the metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), suggesting that they are largely due to HO<jats:sup>.<\/jats:sup> from Cr\u2010mediated redox cycling. EPR was used to assess the formation of Cr\u2010DNA complexes. Following a 10\u2010min incubation of PLs, CrO<jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/tex2gif-ueqn-2.gif\" xlink:title=\"equation image\" \/>, and plasmid DNA, intense EPR signals at <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>=5.7 and <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>=5.0 were observed. These signals are attributed to specific Cr<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup> complexes with large zero field splitting (ZFS). Without DNA, the signals in the <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>=5 region were weak. The large ZFS signals were not seen, when Cr<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup>Cl<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> was incubated with DNA, suggesting that the Cr<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup>\uf8ffDNA interactions are different when generated by the PLs. After 24\u2005h, a broad signal at <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>=2 is attributed to Cr<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup> complexes with a small ZFS. This <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>=2 signal was observed without DNA, but it was different from that seen with plasmid. It is concluded that EPR can detect specific Cr<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup> complexes that depend on the presence of plasmid DNA and the manner in which the Cr<jats:sup>III<\/jats:sup> is formed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200890143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]],"date-time":"2008-08-26T13:24:09Z","timestamp":1219757049000},"page":"1545-1557","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Addition of DNA to Cr<sup>VI<\/sup> and Cytochrome <i>b<\/i><sub>5<\/sub> Containing Proteoliposomes Leads to Generation of DNA Strand Breaks and Cr<sup>III<\/sup> Complexes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Griselda\u2005R.","family":"Borthiry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William\u2005E.","family":"Antholine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith\u2005M.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles\u2005R.","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","unstructured":"Environmental Protection Agency Chromium Integrated Risk Information System Office of Health and Environmental Assessment U.S. EPA Washington D.\u2005C. 1999."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-7799(93)90158-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3434139"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248709357191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00498258509047435"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/5.9.1207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(84)90289-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/7.5.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"5662","volume":"43","author":"Tsapakos M. 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