{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:45:16Z","timestamp":1790286316062,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opium samples from Afghanistan were analyzed by HPLC for their content of morphine and three further alkaloids (codeine, thebaine, and papaverine). To our knowledge, this is the largest set of authentic opium samples analyzed in one study until now. The purpose was to assess possible correlations between samples and selected external factors, such as region of origin within Afghanistan, year of harvest, or intra\u2010batch variation. In the investigated samples, a trend towards higher morphine concentrations in opium from the North\u2010Eastern parts of Afghanistan was observed in the period from 2003 to 2005. More than 75% of the samples contained above 10% of morphine, the overall average was 14.4%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.200890166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T13:01:03Z","timestamp":1222261263000},"page":"1770-1779","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Science in Drug Control: The Alkaloid Content of Afghan Opium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Remberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2005Freni","family":"Sterrantino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Artner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Janitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liselotte","family":"Krenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Anonymus \u20182007 World Drug Report\u2019 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime United Nations Publication. Sales No. E.07.XI.5 (ISBN 978\u201092\u20101\u2010148222\u20105)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"UNODC Afghanistan opium surveys (accessed on August 20 2007 at: http:\/\/www.unodc.org\/unodc\/en\/crop_monitoring_surveys_previous.html)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP) \u2018Guidelines for yield assessment of opium gum and coca leaf from brief field visits\u2019 (ST\/NAR\/33) United Nations New York 2001. Sales No. E.01.XI.13 (ISBN 92\u20101\u2010148142\u20102)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"UNODC Scientific and Technical Notes (SCITEC\/19) \u2018Limited Opium Yield Assessment Surveys Technical Report: Observations and Findings Guidance for Future Activities\u2019 December 2003."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02466781"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"299","volume":"26","author":"Yadav H. K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Med. Aromat. 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