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(myrobalan tree; Combretaceae), were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced by <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010melanocyte\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010MSH), against the <jats:italic>Epstein<\/jats:italic>\uf8ff<jats:italic>Barr<\/jats:italic> virus early antigen (EBV\u2010EA) activation induced by 12\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010tetradecanoylphorbol 13\u2010acetate (TPA) in <jats:italic>Raji<\/jats:italic> cells, and against TPA\u2010induced inflammation in mice. Their 1,1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical\u2010scavenging activities and cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Compounds <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>9<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>12<\/jats:bold> exhibited potent inhibitory activities against melanogenesis (39.3\u201366.3% melanin content) with low toxicity to the cells (74.5\u2013105.9% cell viability) at a concentration of 10\u2005\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>. <jats:italic>Western<\/jats:italic>\u2010blot analysis revealed that isoterchebulin (<jats:bold>8<\/jats:bold>) reduced the protein levels of MITF (=microphtalmia\u2010associated transcription factor), tyrosinase, and TRP\u20101 (=tyrosine\u2010related protein 1), mostly in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. Eight triterpenoids, <jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>17<\/jats:bold>, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV\u2010EA induction with the <jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values in the range of 269\u2013363\u2005mol ratio\/32\u2005pmol TPA, while these compounds exhibited no DPPH scavenging activities (<jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>&gt;100\u2005\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>). On the other hand, the nine phenolic compounds, <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>9<\/jats:bold>, exhibited potent radical\u2010scavenging activities (<jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 1.4\u201310.9\u2005\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>) with weak inhibitory effects on EBV\u2010EA induction (<jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 460\u2013518\u2005mol ratio\/32\u2005pmol TPA). The tannin <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold> and seven triterpenoids, <jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>16<\/jats:bold>, have been shown to inhibit TPA\u2010induced inflammation (1\u2005\u03bcg\/ear) in mice with the <jats:italic>ID<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values in the range of 0.06\u20130.33\u2005\u03bcmol\/ear. Arjungenin (<jats:bold>10<\/jats:bold>) exhibited inhibitory effect on skin\u2010tumor promotion in an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> two\u2010stage mouse\u2010skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12\u2010dimethylbenz[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and with TPA as promoter. Compounds <jats:bold>1, 2, 4, 5, 7<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>9, 12<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>13<\/jats:bold>, against HL60 cell line, compounds <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold> and <jats:bold>4<\/jats:bold>, against AZ521 cell line, and compounds <jats:bold>1, 11<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>12<\/jats:bold>, against SK\u2010BR\u20103 cell line, showed moderate cytotoxic activities (<jats:italic>IC<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 13.9\u201373.2\u2005\u03bc<jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201300149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]],"date-time":"2013-08-12T12:08:36Z","timestamp":1376309316000},"page":"1448-1463","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Biological Activities of Phenolic Compounds and Triterpenoids from the Galls of <i>Terminalia chebula<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aranya","family":"Manosroi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pensak","family":"Jantrawut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Ogihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayako","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Fukatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Yasukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harukuni","family":"Tokuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobutaka","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiradej","family":"Manosroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Akihisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_2","unstructured":"S. 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