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Fifteen isocyanide congeners derived from proteinogenic amino acids were synthesized, and the antifouling activity and toxicity of these compounds against cypris larvae of the barnacle <jats:italic>Balanus amphitrite<\/jats:italic> were investigated. All synthesized amino acid\u2010isocyanides exhibited potent anti\u2010barnacle activity with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EC<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic><jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 0.07 \u2013 10.34 \u03bcg\/ml after 120 h exposure without significant toxicity. In addition, seven compounds showed more than 95% settlement inhibition of the cypris larvae at 10 \u03bcg\/ml after 120 h exposure without any mortality observed. Considering their structure, these amino acid\u2010isocyanides would eventually be biodegraded to their original nontoxic amino acids. These should be useful for further research focused on the development of environmentally friendly antifoulants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201600063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,23]],"date-time":"2016-07-23T08:16:51Z","timestamp":1469261811000},"page":"1502-1510","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Anti\u2010barnacle Activity of Isocyanides Derived from Amino Acids"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Takuya","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bio\u2010organic Chemistry Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3\u20105\u20108 Saiwai\u2010cho Fuchu\u2010shi Tokyo 183\u20108509 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Wagatsuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bio\u2010organic Chemistry Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3\u20105\u20108 Saiwai\u2010cho Fuchu\u2010shi Tokyo 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