{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T21:27:47Z","timestamp":1768685267904,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003046","name":"Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu\u00e1ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and genetic diversity, relationships and identification of mate (<jats:italic>Ilex paraguariensis<\/jats:italic> A.<jats:sc>St<\/jats:sc>.\u2010<jats:sc>Hil<\/jats:sc>.) elite genetic resources belonging to the Brazilian germplasm collection and mate breeding program. Mate has been studied due to the presence of phytochemical compounds, especially methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. The samples were collected from the leaves of 76 mate elite genetic resources (16 progenies \u00d7 5 localities). Total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was extracted from mate leaves and 20 random primers were used for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> amplification. Methylxanthines (caffeine and theobromine) and phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, and criptochlorogenic acids) were quantified by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPLC<\/jats:styled-content>. The genetic divergence estimated was higher within (92%) than among (8%) the different populations. Analysis of genetic distance between origins provided the formation of two groups by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UPGMA<\/jats:styled-content> cluster analysis, with higher polymorphism (94.9%). The average content of caffeine ranged from 0.01 to 1.38% and theobromine of 0.10 \u2013 0.85% (<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>). The caffeoylquinic acids concentrations (1.43 \u2013 5.38%) showed a gradient 3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CQA<\/jats:styled-content> &gt; 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CQA<\/jats:styled-content> &gt; 4\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CQA<\/jats:styled-content>. The coefficient of genetic variation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CV<\/jats:styled-content>g) was of low magnitude for all mono\u2010caffeoylquinics acids. Significant correlations (positive and negative) were observed between the phytochemical compounds. Genetic diversity analysis performed by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAPD<\/jats:styled-content> markers showed a greater intra\u2010populational diversity; genetic resources with low caffeine and higher theobromine content were identified and can be used in breeding programs; the correlation between methylxanthines and phenolic compounds can be used as a good predictor in future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201600177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T13:27:53Z","timestamp":1476278873000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genetic and Phytochemical Analysis to Evaluate the Diversity and Relationships of Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis<\/i> A.<scp>St<\/scp>.\u2010<scp>Hil<\/scp>.) Elite Genetic Resources in a Germplasm Collection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Juliana Cristhina","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products Laboratory Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) Av. Parigot de Souza 3636 Toledo PR 85.903\u2010170 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Gonela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1 (UEM) Av. Colombo 5790 \u2010 Vila Esperan\u00e7a Maring\u00e1, PR 87.020\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Celeste","family":"Gon\u00e7alves Vidigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1 (UEM) Av. Colombo 5790 \u2010 Vila Esperan\u00e7a Maring\u00e1, PR 87.020\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Soares","family":"Vidigal Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department Universidade Estadual de Maring\u00e1 (UEM) Av. Colombo 5790 \u2010 Vila Esperan\u00e7a Maring\u00e1, PR 87.020\u2010900 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alfredo","family":"Sturion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Florestas \u2010 Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Km 111, Estrada da Ribeira Colombo PR 83.411\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Euclides Lara","family":"Cardozo Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Products Laboratory Institute of Biological, Medical and Health Sciences Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) Av. 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