{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:59:44Z","timestamp":1789599584810,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we investigated the phenolic composition of the crude extract (MeOH 80\u2009%) of <jats:italic>Alnus cordata<\/jats:italic> (<jats:sc>Loisel<\/jats:sc>.) <jats:sc>Duby<\/jats:sc> stem bark (ACE) and its antioxidant and skin whitening properties. RP\u2010LC\u2010DAD analysis showed a high content of hydroxycinnamic acids (47.64\u2009%), flavanones (26.74\u2009%) and diarylheptanoids (17.69\u2009%). Furthermore, ACE exhibited a dose\u2010dependent antioxidant and free\u2010radical scavenging activity, expressed as half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>): Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 1.78\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)&gt;Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC, IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 3.47\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)&gt;2,2\u2010Diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 5.83\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)&gt;<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010carotene bleaching (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 11.58\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)&gt;Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 17.28\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>). Moreover, ACE was able to inhibit <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic> tyrosinase activity (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 77.44\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010DOPA auto\u2010oxidation (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 39.58\u2005\u03bcg\u2009mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) and in an <jats:italic>in\u2005vivo<\/jats:italic> model it exhibited bleaching effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish embryos (72\u2005h post fertilization) without affecting their development and survival. In conclusion, results show that <jats:italic>A. cordata<\/jats:italic> stem bark may be considered a potential source of agents for the treatment of skin disorders due to its bleaching properties and favorable safety profiles, associated to a good antioxidant power.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201900314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T12:38:05Z","timestamp":1565354285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Polyphenol Characterization, Antioxidant and Skin Whitening Properties of <i>Alnus cordata<\/i> Stem Bark"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Antonella","family":"Smeriglio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi University of Messina  P.zza Pugliatti 1 98122 Messina Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Via Giovanni Palatucci 98168 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"D'Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Via Giovanni Palatucci 98168 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Denaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Via Giovanni Palatucci 98168 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Trombetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Via Giovanni Palatucci 98168 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Maria","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department STEBICEF\/Section of Botany and Plant Ecology University of Palermo  Via Archirafi 38 90123 Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4300-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paola","family":"German\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Via Giovanni Palatucci 98168 Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22081383"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-11-40"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.91115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14756366.2015.1004058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms10062440"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2012.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2016.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2015.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"128","article-title":"\u2018Biophenols: Enzymes (\u03b2-secretase, cholinesterases, histone deacetylase and tyrosinase) inhibitors from olive (Olea europaea L.)\u2019","author":"Omar S. 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