{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:23:02Z","timestamp":1780359782991,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ginseng and the seed of <jats:italic>Zizyphus jujuba<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic>, which are traditional Chinese medicinal materials, were often used in ancient Chinese recipes as a pair of medicines. They can replenish the primordial qi and tonify the spleen. This study investigated the effects of ginseng and the seed of <jats:italic>Zizyphus jujuba<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>spinosa<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>GS<\/jats:italic>) extract on gut microbiota diversity in rats with spleen deficiency syndrome (<jats:italic>SDS<\/jats:italic>). A total of 52 compounds (including 16 flavonoids, 35 saponins, and 1 alkaloid) were identified and analyzed from the <jats:italic>GS<\/jats:italic> extract by UPLC\u2010Q\u2010Orbitrap\u2010MS\/MS. The <jats:italic>GS<\/jats:italic> extract significantly increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in rats with <jats:italic>SDS<\/jats:italic> but decreased that of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the <jats:italic>GS<\/jats:italic> extract significantly increased the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> in rats with <jats:italic>SDS<\/jats:italic> but decreased that of <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia\u2010Shigella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>. In addition, the <jats:italic>GS<\/jats:italic> extract influenced glucose and amino acid metabolism. In summary, the results showed that the <jats:italic>GS<\/jats:italic> extract changed the structure and diversity of gut microbiota in rats with <jats:italic>SDS<\/jats:italic> and balanced the metabolic process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202000199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,24]],"date-time":"2020-06-24T01:44:30Z","timestamp":1592963070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["<i>In Vitro<\/i> Effects of Ginseng and the Seed of <i>Zizyphus jujuba<\/i> var. <i>spinosa<\/i> on Gut Microbiota of Rats with Spleen Deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Fang\u2010Tong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 P. R. 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