{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T01:42:42Z","timestamp":1778895762459,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81660649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81660649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007935","name":"Hainan Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HYYS2020-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HYYS2020-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007935","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The essential oil (EO) of the herbal pair (HP), <jats:italic>Alpinia officinarum<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Cyperus rotundus<\/jats:italic> (HP G\u2010X) has been conventionally used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for \u2018warming the stomach\u2019 and relieving pain. However, its pharmacologically active compounds, as well as the mechanism of its anti\u2010gastric ulcer properties remain unclear. In this study, the EOs obtained from HP G\u2010X and its corresponding single herbs were analyzed using GC\/MS. A total of 74, 56, and 85 compounds were detected in <jats:italic>A.\u2005officinarum<\/jats:italic> (GLJ), <jats:italic>C.\u2005rotundus<\/jats:italic> (XF), and HP G\u2010X, accounting for 93.2\u2009%, 89.5\u2009%, and 92.0\u2009% of the total content, respectively. GLJ mainly contains 1,8\u2010cineol (22.0\u2009%) and \u03b1\u2010terpineol (11.8\u2009%), whereas cyperenone (22.4\u2009%) and cyperene (12.3\u2009%) were the major constituents in XF. These four compounds were also detected in the HP G\u2010X with relatively high composition as 11.8\u2009%, 5.5\u2009%, 11.8\u2009%, and 10.6\u2009%, respectively. Although no new compounds were detected in HP G\u2010X, the relative concentration of some compounds increased, while others decreased or even disappeared. HP G\u2010X showed the lowest toxicity (TC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> &gt;800\u2005\u03bcg\/mL) against human gastric mucosal epithelial cells (GES\u20101) and had the best protective effect against ethanol\u2010induced GES\u20101\u2005cell damage compared to the individual herbs. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> studies demonstrated that HP G\u2010X and the corresponding single herbs significantly reduced IL\u20106, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and COX\u20102. In addition, <jats:italic>in\u2005vivo<\/jats:italic> investigations indicated that HP G\u2010X can protect the gastric mucosa of mice from ethanol\u2010induced damage by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction and providing analgesia. It can also inhibit the expression of NF\u2010\u03baBp65, COX\u20102, and TRPV1 protein, reduce the concentrations of IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1, and relieve heat\u2010induced pain. This study further substantiated the traditional application of HP G\u2010X against gastric ulcers through both <jats:italic>in\u2005vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic> investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202100214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T08:11:38Z","timestamp":1629187898000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Chemical Constituents and Anti\u2010Gastric Ulcer Activity of Essential Oils of <i>Alpinia officinarum<\/i> (Zingiberaceae), <i>Cyperus rotundus<\/i> (Cyperaceae), and Their Herbal Pair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hui\u2010Juan","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University  Haikou 571199 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Wen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University  Haikou 571199 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Liang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University  Haikou 571199 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong\u2010Ya","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University  Haikou 571199 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yin\u2010Feng","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University  Haikou 571199 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Products Utilization Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture, University  Oxford MS 38677 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University  Haikou 571199 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.01.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/abbs\/gmp014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0602-852"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.064162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165929"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2019.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Y.\u2005Q. 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