{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:42:53Z","timestamp":1787312573043,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Thymus zygis<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Mentha suaveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Sideritis incana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Lamiaceae family) are well recognized for their medicinal, pharmaceutical and aromatic properties. The present study aimed to investigate for the first time the phenolic composition, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the extracts obtained from the aerial parts of these species collected from the Ifrane region of Morocco. The phenolic compounds were determined using high\u2010performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC\u2010PDA\u2010ESI\/MS). The antioxidant activity was investigated using 1,1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power and ferrous ion chelating assays. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against three Gram\u2010negative bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and three Gram\u2010positive bacteria (\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). A total of thirty\u2010three, sixteen and thirteen phenolic compounds were positively identified and characterized in\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u2005zygis<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u2005suaveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u2005incana<\/jats:italic>\n                    extracts, respectively. Among the extracts,\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u2005suaveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u2005incana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u2005zygis<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in both DPPH and reducing power assays; all extracts showed the lowest activity in the chelating assay. In addition, all extracts demonstrated a bactericidal effect against Gram\u2010positive bacteria and bacteriostatic effect against Gram\u2010negative bacteria. Therefore, the aerial parts of Moroccan\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u2005zygis<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsp.\n                    <jats:italic>gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>M.\u2005suaveolens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u2005incana<\/jats:italic>\n                    might be considered as a valuable source of natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents with potential application in food and pharmaceutical industries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202101018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T11:51:59Z","timestamp":1643716319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Aerial Parts of\n                    <i>Thymus zygis<\/i>\n                    subsp.\n                    <i>gracilis<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Mentha suaveolens<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Sideritis incana<\/i>\n                    from Morocco"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Aziz","family":"Bouymajane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Team of Microbiology and Health Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University  Zitoune Meknes Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouzia Rhazi","family":"Filali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team of Microbiology and Health Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University  Zitoune Meknes Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassine Oulad","family":"El Majdoub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ouadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team of Microbiology and Health Laboratory of Chemistry-Biology Applied to the Environment Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University  Zitoune Meknes Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahou","family":"Abdelilah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Faculty of Science Moulay Ismail University  Zitoune Meknes Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Cav\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalizia","family":"Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda","family":"Taviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Mondello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Chromaleont s.r.l., c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"},{"name":"Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome  Rome Italy"},{"name":"BeSep s.r.l., c\/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1296-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Cacciola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"Atta-ur-Rahman \u2018Studies in Natural Products Chemistry\u2019 Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc United States 2021 Vol. 70."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u2005I.\u2005R. Khan N.\u2005A. Khan \u2018Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress\u2019 Springer Singapore 2017.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5254-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Bhattacharjee \u2018Reactive Oxygen Species in Plant Biology\u2019 Springer New Delhi 2019.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-3941-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"WHO 'World Health Organization Antimicrobial Resistance\u2019https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"CDC.\u2019US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) About Antibiotic Resistance\u2019 GA CDC 132.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/about.html 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtb.2015.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2016.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph12010011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"C. Galanakis \u2018Polyphenols: Properties Recovery and Applications\u2019 Woodhead Publishing 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/jab.v84i1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113200"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2021.103106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1298172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"161","article-title":"\u2018Bioactive Compounds of Endemic Species Sideritis raeseri Subsp. raeseri Grown in National Park Gali\u010dica\u2019","volume":"7","author":"Menkovi\u0107 N.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rec. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23071514"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2013.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2017.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24173101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"\u2018L, C\/DAD\/MSn and ICP-AES Assay and Correlations between Phenolic Compounds and Toxic Metals in Endemic Thymus alsarensis from the Thallium Enriched Allchar Locality\u2019","volume":"12","author":"Stanoeva J. P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00456K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2014.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2017.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"116","article-title":"\u2018Comparative Study of Mentha Species Growing Wild in Egypt: LC-ESI-MS Analysis and Chemosystematic Significance\u2019","volume":"8","author":"Marzouk M. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21081007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6FO00841K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24132351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2008.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(97)01018-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410601132477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2010.01603.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2020.101696"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26041118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.04.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9012295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89778-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5264\/eiyogakuzashi.44.307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00093a019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","first-page":"8736721","article-title":"\u2018Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols Extracted after Adsorption onto Natural Clay \u2018ghassoul\u2019","author":"Allaoui S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Chem."}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202101018","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbdv.202101018","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202101018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T22:19:58Z","timestamp":1693088398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202101018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202101018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202101018","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-1872","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-1880","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-02-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202101018"}}