{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T04:57:43Z","timestamp":1789707463792,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210101426JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210101426JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of black ginseng (BG) on non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) using network pharmacology combined with the molecular docking strategy. The saponin composition of BG was analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (LC\/MS) instrument. Then the network pharmacology was applied to explore the potential targets and related mechanisms of BG in the treatment of NAFLD. After screening out key targets, molecular docking was used to predict the binding modes between ginsenoside and target. Finally, a methionine and choline deficiency (MCD) diet\u2010induced NAFLD mice model was established to further confirm the therapeutic effect of BG on NAFLD. Twenty\u2010four ginsenosides were annotated based on the MS and tandem MS information. Ten proteins were screened out as key targets closely related to BG treatment of NAFLD. The molecular docking showed that most of the ginsenosides had good binding affinities with AKT1. The validation experiment revealed that BG administration could reduce serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and improve the MCD diet\u2010induced histological changes in liver tissue. Moreover, BG could upregulate the phosphorylation level of AKT in the liver of NAFLD mice, thereby exerting the therapeutic effect on NAFLD. Further studies on the active ginsenosides as well as their synergistic action on NAFLD will be required to reveal the underlying mechanisms in\u2010depth. This study demonstrates that network pharmacological prediction in conjunction with molecular docking is a viable technique for screening the active chemicals and related targets of BG, which can be applied to other herbal medicines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T14:09:35Z","timestamp":1661868575000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Exploring the Therapeutic Effects of Black Ginseng on Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-319X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University  Jilin 132101 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology  The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100039 China"},{"name":"China Military Institute of Chinese Materia  Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100039 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyu","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2582-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jilin Ginseng Academy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine  Changchun 130117 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12685"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-018-0425-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30702"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"CD011640","article-title":"\u2018Pharmacological interventions for non-alcohol related fatty liver disease (NAFLD)\u2019","volume":"3","author":"Lombardi R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. 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