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The animals were divided into five distinct groups (7\u2005rats in each group). Group 1 was control group, group 2 received NaF\u2010only (600\u2005ppm), group 3 received HES\u2010only (200\u2005mg\/kg bw); group 4 received NaF (600\u2005ppm)+HES (100\u2005mg\/kg bw) and group 5 received NaF (600\u2005ppm)+HES (200\u2005mg\/kg bw) for 14\u2005days. NaF\u2010induced testes tissue damage by reducing activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of glutathione (GSH), and increasing lipid peroxidation levels. NaF treatment significantly downregulated the mRNA levels of SOD1, CAT and GPx. NaF supplementation caused apoptosis in the testes by upregulating p53, NFkB, caspase\u20103, caspase\u20106, caspase\u20109, and Bax and downregulating Bcl\u20102. Furthermore, NaF caused ER stress via increasing mRNA transcript levels of PERK, IRE1, ATF\u20106 and GRP78. NaF treatment led to autophagy via upregulation of Beclin1, LC3A, LC3B and AKT2. In testes tissue, however, co\u2010treatment with HES at doses of 100 and 200\u2005mg\/kg significantly reduced oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that HES may help to reduce testes damage caused by NaF toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202200982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T03:14:21Z","timestamp":1676862861000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Contribution of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy Pathways to the Ameliorative Effects of Hesperidin in NaF\u2010Induced Testicular Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Hamit","family":"Emre K\u0131z\u0131l","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques Vocational School of Health Services Bayburt University 69000 Bayburt T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cihan","family":"G\u00fcr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Atat\u00fcrk University 25240- Erzurum T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adnan","family":"Ayna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Literature Bingol University 12000- Bingol T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekrem","family":"Darendelio\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science and Literature Bingol University 12000- Bingol T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sefa","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Atat\u00fcrk University 25240- Erzurum T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevda","family":"Sa\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science and Literature Bingol University 12000- Bingol T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01263"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u2018As and F-cooccurrence in drinking water: critical review of the international scenario, physicochemical behavior, removal technologies, health effects, and future trends\u2019","author":"Sierra-S\u00e1nchez A. 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