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In this study, a series of natural naphthoquinones and anthraquinones was evaluated for their activity against <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/jats:italic>, which is the most common causative agent of eumycetoma. The metabolic activity of <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/jats:italic> as well as the viability of <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> larvae upon treatment with quinones was investigated. Several hydroxy\u2010substituted naphthoquinones exhibited activity against <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/jats:italic>. In particular, naphthazarin (5,8\u2010dihydroxy\u20101,4\u2010naphthoquinone) was identified as a considerably active antifungal compound against <jats:italic>Madurella mycetomatis<\/jats:italic> (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>=1.4\u2005\u03bcM), while it showed reduced toxicity to <jats:italic>Galleria mellonella<\/jats:italic> larvae, which is a well\u2010established <jats:italic>in\u2005vivo<\/jats:italic> invertebrate model for mycetoma drug studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,17]],"date-time":"2023-04-17T15:39:07Z","timestamp":1681745947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Antifungal Activity of Natural Naphthoquinones and Anthraquinones against <i>Madurella mycetomatis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3906-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam  Dr. Molewaterplein 40 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7096-4751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy University College London  London WC1N 1AX United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8652-8783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy W. 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