{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:54:42Z","timestamp":1791928482021,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Citral (<jats:bold>1a<\/jats:bold>), a bioactive component of <jats:italic>Cymbopogon citratus<\/jats:italic> (lemongrass) could be isolated and semi\u2010synthetic analogs synthesized with improved therapeutic properties. Herein we first report describes citral (<jats:bold>1a<\/jats:bold>) as a primary material for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives between various <jats:italic>o\u2010<\/jats:italic>phenylenediamines (<jats:bold>2a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>l<\/jats:bold>) in the presence of Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as a commercially available environmentally benign base, ethanol as a green solvent and the yield of all benzimidazole derivatives (<jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>l<\/jats:bold>) was between 68\u201376\u2009%; The semi\u2010synthetically prepared benzimidazole derivatives (<jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>l<\/jats:bold>) were assessed for their anti\u2010bacterial and anti\u2010fungal properties. The benzimidazole compounds (<jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>b<\/jats:bold>, and <jats:bold>3g<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>j<\/jats:bold>) exhibit good anti\u2010microbial activity. In addition, <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic> study was carried out to determine the specific binding affinity of the diamine halogen substituted benzimidazole derivatives to the specific target proteins. <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic> analysis revealed a high correlation between docking results and experimental results. Finally, benzimidazole demonstrated significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. Zebrafish embryos were subjected to <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic> toxicological test found that all of the benzimidazole compounds (<jats:bold>3a<\/jats:bold>\u2013<jats:bold>l<\/jats:bold>) were non\u2010toxic and had low embryotoxicity after 96\u2005h, with an LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 36.425\u2005\u03bcg, which could facilitate the design of novel antimicrobial agents using a cost\u2010effective method.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,29]],"date-time":"2023-05-29T06:50:26Z","timestamp":1685343026000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Facile Synthesis of Benzimidazoles <i>via<\/i> Oxidative Cyclization of Acyclic Monoterpene Aldehyde with Diamines: Studies on Antimicrobial and <i>in Vivo<\/i> Evaluation of Zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4132-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariyappan","family":"Vaithiyalingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar  Kattankulathur \u2013 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2319-5264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramasamy","family":"Mohan Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar  Kattankulathur \u2013 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM) SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar  Kattankulathur \u2013 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9955-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinnaperumal","family":"Kamaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Institute of Indian System of Medicine (IIISM) SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar  Kattankulathur \u2013 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST)  Kattankulatur, Chennai Tamil Nadu 603 203 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Sugumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Saveetha Medical College &amp; Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)  Thandalam, Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandhagopal","family":"Manivannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Saveetha Medical College &amp; Hospital Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS)  Thandalam, Chennai 602105 Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shine","family":"Kadaikunnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany and Microbiology College of Science King Saud University  P. 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