{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:15:04Z","timestamp":1790727304735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Apilarnil is 3\u20137\u2005days old drone larvae. It is an organic bee product known to be rich in protein. In this study, the biological activities of Apilarnil were determined by its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition effects. Antioxidant activities were determined by Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>, Cu<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>, Fe<jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\u2010TPTZ ((2,4,6\u2010tris(2\u2010pyridyl)\u2010<jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic>\u2010triazine), reducing ability and 1,1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH\u22c5) scavenging assays. Also, its enzyme inhibition effects were tested against carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes (hCA I, hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes. Antioxidant activity of Apilarnil was generally lower than the standard molecules in the applied methods. In DPPH\u22c5 radical scavenging assay, Apilarnil exhibited higher radical scavenging than some standards. Enzyme inhibition results towards hCA I (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>: 14.2\u2005\u03bcg\/mL), hCA II: (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>: 11.5\u2005\u03bcg\/mL), AChE (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>: 22.1\u2005\u03bcg\/mL), BChE (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>: 16.1\u2005\u03bcg\/mL) were calculated. In addition, the quantity of 53 different phytochemical compounds of Apilarnil was determined by a validated method by LC\/MS\/MS. Compounds with the highest concentrations (mg analyte\/g dry extract) were determined as quinic acid (1091.045), fumaric acid (48.714), aconitic acid (47.218), kaempferol (39.946), and quercetin (27.508). As a result, it was determined that Apilarnil had effective antioxidant profile when compared to standard antioxidants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202300654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T11:14:08Z","timestamp":1692789248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Comprehensive Phytochemical Content by LC\/MS\/MS and Anticholinergic, Antiglaucoma, Antiepilepsy, and Antioxidant Activity of Apilarnil (Drone Larvae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9791-0435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"Inci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Bing\u00f6l University  Bing\u00f6l T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0788-4999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebubekir","family":"Izol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bee and Natural Products R&amp;D and P&amp;D Application and Research Center Bing\u00f6l University  Bing\u00f6l T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Abdullah","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Dicle University  Diyarbak\u0131r T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ilkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agriculture Bing\u00f6l University  Bing\u00f6l T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynebe","family":"Bing\u00f6l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services Gaziosmanpa\u015fa University  Tokat T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5993-1668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilhami","family":"G\u00fcl\u00e7in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"\u0130nci H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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