{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T08:45:36Z","timestamp":1766047536661,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Chamaerops humilis<\/jats:italic> L. is clumping palm of the family <jats:italic>Arecaceae<\/jats:italic> with promising health\u2010promoting effects. Parts of this species are utilized as food and employed in folk medicine to treat several disorders. This study investigated the phytochemical constituents of <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> leaves and their antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in\u2005vivo<\/jats:italic> in acetaminophen (APAP)\u2010induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The chemical structure of the isolated phytochemicals was determined using data obtained from UV, MS, IR, and <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010, <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010NMR spectroscopic tools as well as comparison with authentic markers. Eleven compounds, including tricin 7\u2010O\u2010\u03b2\u2010rutinoside, vicenin, tricin, astragalin, borassoside D, pregnane\u20103,5,6,16\u2010tetrol, oleanolic acid, \u03b2\u2010sitosterol and campesterol were isolated from <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> ethanolic extract (CHEE). CHEE and the butanol, n\u2010hexane, and dichloromethane fractions exhibited <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic> radical scavenging and XO inhibitory efficacies. The computational findings revealed the tendency of the isolated compounds towards the active site of XO. <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>, CHEE ameliorated liver function markers and prevented tissue injury induced by APAP in rats. CHEE suppressed hepatic XO, decreased serum uric acid and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and enhanced reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in APAP\u2010treated rats. CHEE ameliorated serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) and interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 in APAP\u2010treated rats. Thus, <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> is rich in beneficial phytochemicals that possess binding affinity towards XO. <jats:italic>C. humilis<\/jats:italic> exhibited potent <jats:italic>in\u2005vitro<\/jats:italic> antioxidant and XO inhibitory activities, and prevented APAP hepatotoxicity by attenuating tissue injury, oxidative stress and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.202400865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T04:59:20Z","timestamp":1718254760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phytochemical Analysis, and Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of <i>Chamaerops humilis<\/i> L. Leaves; A Focus on Xanthine Oxidase"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Shimaa A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Beni-Suef University  Beni-Seuf 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1279-9564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emadeldin M.","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Beni-Suef University  Beni-Seuf 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayman M.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester M1 5GD UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamdi M. D.","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Al-Azhar University (Assiut)  Assiut 71524 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossam M.","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Beni-Suef University  Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Alanazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa E.","family":"Rateb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy Beni-Suef University  Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walaa G.","family":"Hozayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Beni-Suef University  Beni-Seuf 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayed A.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Beni-Suef University  Beni-Seuf 62514 Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.08.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-018-1110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2016.1274887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1890\/09-2194.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/boj.12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.42.319.32572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u2005C. Caissard A. Meekijjironenroj S. Baudino M-C. Anstett Am. J. Bot.2004 91 1190\u20131199;","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.91.8.1190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Bouhafsoun M.\u2005A. Yilmaz A. Boukeloua H. Temel M.\u2005K.. HARCHE Food Sci Technol.2018 38 242\u2013247;","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.19917"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Hirai S. SANADA Y. IDA J. SHOJI Chem. Pharm. Bull.1986 34 82\u201387.","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.34.82"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","first-page":"1375","volume":"23","author":"Miguel M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fresenius Environ. Bull."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1204641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-014-1665-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119600"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-00973-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","first-page":"943","volume":"12","author":"Abdel-Moneim A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"EXCLI Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"935","volume":"255","author":"Jaeschke H.","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"M. Frisch G. Trucks H. Schlegel G. Scuseria M. Robb J. Cheeseman G. Scalmani V. Barone B. Mennucci G.\u2005J.\u2005G.\u2005I. Petersson Wallingford CT 2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.464913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.37.785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.38.3098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"W.\u2005J. Hehre L. Radom P. v. R. Schleyer J.\u2005A. Pople Ab initio molecular orbital theory Vol. 67 Wiley New York et\u2005al. 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.20084"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.21334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0OB00529K"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1872211309666151030110015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"4","volume":"17","author":"Mard S. A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","unstructured":"J.\u2005D. Bancroft M. Gamble Theory and practice of histological techniques Elsevier health sciences 2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"10086","volume":"55","author":"Jiao J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.-H. Yang T.\u2005P. Kondratyuk L.\u2005E. Marler X. Qiu Y. Choi H. Cao R. Yu M. Sturdy S. Pegan Y.\u2005J.\u2005P. Liu 2010 71 641\u2013647.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2010.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.55.308"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.36.4148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(71)85084-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NJ03760G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2011.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2508909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026619666181120143050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138527212799957995"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA01661G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1OB01439K"},{"journal-title":"New J. Chem.","year":"2023","author":"Kamel E. M.","key":"e_1_2_10_58_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207324666210609104456"},{"journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem.","year":"2023","author":"Kamel E. M.","key":"e_1_2_10_61_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","first-page":"1","author":"ALRashdi B. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.9b00332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1331248"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-8546-7-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03602532.2011.602688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.121612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(79)90223-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(81)90576-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","unstructured":"\u00a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1134812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2023.101762"}],"container-title":["Chemistry &amp; Biodiversity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbdv.202400865","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T19:38:22Z","timestamp":1729193902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbdv.202400865"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbdv.202400865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbdv.202400865","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-1872","1612-1880"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1612-1872"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1612-1880"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-07","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e202400865"}}